DAViD  I.  OWEN 


UNIVERSITY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA 
THE  UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM 
PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  BABYLONIAN  SECTION 

VoL.  VII 


BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  OF  THE 
HAMMURAPI  PERIOD 

BY 

ARTHUR  UNGNAD 


PHILADELPHIA 

PUBLISHED  BY  THE  UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM 

1915 


TO  MY  TEACHER 


Friedrich  Delitzsch 


THIS  VOLUME  GRATEFULLY  IS  DEDICATED 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2017  with  funding  from 
Getty  Research  Institute 


V 

https://archive.org/details/babylonianletterOOungn 


CONTENTS 


PAG  E 

PREFACE 7 

INTRODUCTION 13 

OFFICIAL  LETTERS 14 

PRIVATE  LETTERS 23 

A NEW  INSCRIPTION  OF  HAMMURAPI 30 

INDEX  OF  PROPER  NAMES 34 

Names  of  Persons 34 

Names  of  Cities,  Gates,  Nations,  Rivers,  Temples, 

ETC 42 

Names  of  Gods 43 

LIST  OF  TABLETS 46 

NUMBERS  OF  THE  CATALOGUE 50 

CUNEIFORM  TEXTS. 

Autographic  Reproductions i 

Photographic  Reproductions xcvii 


PREFACE 


The  cuneiform  texts  published  in  this  volume  were  copied 
and  autographed  during  my  stay  in  Philadelphia  in  the  winter 
of  191 3-1914.  Nearly  all  of  therh  are  letters  belonging  to 
the  time  of  the  so-called  first  Babylonian  or  Hammurapi 
dynasty  (2225-1926  B.  C.). 

There  are  only  two  (or  three)  exceptions:  the  first  is  an 
Assyrian  ahit  sarrim  (No.  132),  addressed  to  a certain  Ardi- 
Gula.  This  man  seems  to  be  identical  with  Ardi-Gula  of  the 
letter  H ( = Harper,  Assyrian  letters),  No.  117,  mentioning 
Asur-hdn-apli  and  Samas-sum-ukm  (1.  5),  by  which  fact  the 
time  of  our  letter  is  determined.  The  other  exception  is  a cone 
of  King  Hammurapi,  about  17,  3 cm.  high,  having  an  in- 
scription as  well  on  the  shaft  as  on  the  base.  Both  inscrip- 
tions are  (as  far  as  they  are  preserved)  identical,  though  it 
may  be  possible,  that  the  inscription  on  the  base^  was  not 
quite  as  long  as  that  on  the  shaft.  This  text  of  King  Ham- 
murapi,  mentioning  the  building  of  the  (or  a)  wall  of  Sippar, 
is  especially  interesting  by  the  fact  that  it  is  the  onl>'  official 
inscription  before  the  time  of  the  king’s  great  victory  over 
Rtm-Sin.  For  a transcription  and  translation  see  pp.  30  ff. 
A third  exception  may  be  the  letter  No.  29,  the  writing  of 

^ This  seems  to  have  been  written  in  three  columns,  the  third  being  totally  destroyed;  the 
inscription  on  the  shaft,  however,  is  written  in  two  columns. 

(7) 


8 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


which  might  suggest  some  time  at  the  end  of  the  Hammurapi 
dynasty;  but  as  well  the  word  ia-a-nu-um,  hitherto  never 
found  in  texts  of  that  period,  as  the  mentioning  of  the  city 
of  Luhdi^,  are  in  favor  for  a later  (Cassite)  time.  Unfor- 
tunately the  letter  is  too  badly  preserved  to  settle  the  ques- 
tion definitely. 

Most  of  the  letters  published  in  this  volume  have  been 
purchased  by  the  Museum  from  dealers;  only  the  first  twenty- 
nine  texts  were  found  during  the  excavations  of  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  in  Nippur.  The  publication  of  all  these  texts 
had  been  assigned  by  the  former  editor  of  the  Babylonian 
Expedition,  Dr.  H.  V.  Hilprecht,  to  Dr.  A.  T.  Clay.  But  the 
latter  very  kindly  ceded  his  rights  to  the  present  writer  and 
even  gave  him  about  twenty  copies  previously  made  by  him 
which  could  be  utilized  during  the  preparation  of  this  work. 

1 beg  to  offer  my  sincerest  thanks  to  Professor  A.  T.  Clay  for  his 
kindness.  My  thanks  are  also  due  to  Dr.  G.  A.  Barton,  who 
gave  some  old  Babylonian  letters  over  to  me  which  had  been 
assigned  to  him.  In  this  way  practically  the  whole  amount  of 
old  Babylonian  letters,  preserved  in  the  Museum,  could  be 
included  in  the  present  volumeC*  only  those  not  yet  cleaned 
and  repaired  and  some  assigned  to  Dr.  A.  Poebel  which  could 
not  be  obtained  for  this  collection  were  not  made  use  of.  1 
even  published  those  letters  which  were  very  badly  damaged 
as  every  little  piece  of  information  we  can  get  from  the  classical 

1 Phis  city  also  occurs  in  the  Cassite  letter  No.  99  (1.6)  of  Radau’s  collection  (BE,  XVl  1,  i) 
who,  however,  read  Lu-uh-di-shd^^  (p.  153)  instead  of  ^^^Lu-up-di  sd  ki-[.  . . .]. 

‘ Letter  No.  37  published  by  H.  Ranke  in  BE,  VI,  i.  No.  32,  has  been  repeated  here,  especially 
as  the  interesting  seal  inscription  was  omitted  in  the’first  publication. 


ARTHUR  UNGNAD — BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  OF  THE  HAMMURABI  PERIOD  9 

time  of  the  Babylonian  language  seems  to  be  worth  while 
publishing. 

The  letters  bought  from  dealers  came  from  the  same 
source  as  the  contracts  published  by  Dr.  H.  Ranke  and  Dr. 
A.  Poebel  in  BE,  VI,  i and  2 (second  part),  i.e.,  Sippar  in  North 
Babylonia.  It  is,  of  course,  often  very  difficult  to  determine 
the  place  of  such  a letter  by  internal  evidence  only,  and  it 
may  even  be  the  case  that  one  or  the  other  of  them  was  picked 
up  at  another  tell;  but,  on  the  other  hand,  these  letters  are 
so  similar  to  other  letters  found  at  Sippar  and  so  different 
from  those  found  at  Nippur  that  we  may  consider  their  origin 
as  fairly  certain. 

An  attempt  has  been  made  to  give  the  letters  of  the  two 
sections  of  this  volume  in  historical  order.  As  nearl\'  alwa\'s 
internal  evidence  is  the  only  guide,  such  an  arrangement  can- 
not be  considered  as  absolutely  correct,  though,  on  the  other 
hand,  the  character  of  the  writing  and  the  formulae  of  the 
introduction  give  some  evidence  at  least  for  the  arrangement. 
Quite  unique  are  those  few  letters  which  mention  the  king’s 
name  in  the  introductory  formula,  i.e.,  No.  75,7 f .* 

su-lum-ka  ma-har  ^^“samas  ^^^‘mardiik  ii  be-U-ia  am-mi-di-ta-ua  \ 
lu  da-ri  “may  thy  welfare  be  lasting  before  Satnas,  Marduk 
and  my  lord  Ammiditana,” 

and  No.  90,,oi=9t,9[.: 

su-lum-ka  ma-har  ’'“samas  ' “marduk  \ u be-li-ia  am-mi-^a-dii-ga 
I lu  da-ri 

There  are  a few  other  letters  the  time  of  which  is  deter- 
mined by  a date,  namely  No.  37  (23d (?)  \'ear  of  Hammiirapi) 


10 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


and  No.  89  (13th  or  17th  + a year  of  Ammisadiiga) . The  latter 
is  especially  interesting,  because  it  is  expressly  called  a copy 
(mehir,  1.  42)  of  a letter  which  was  sent  by  Ihni-Sin  and  the 
judges  of  Sippar-Amnanum  to  the  king.^  Another  letter  men- 
tioning Hammurapi  (No.  83,1  7)  is  only  furnishing  us  with 
a terminus  post  quern.  The  oldest  letter  in  the  collection  is 
probably  No.  i,  a case-tablet  with  remarkable  seal  impressions.^ 

The  writing  of  the  letters  found  at  Nippur  might,  at  the 
first  glance,  suggest  that  they  are  much  older  than  they  really 
are.  But  when  we  compare  for  instance  those  four  letters 
addressed  to  the  same  person  Lugd  (No.  5-8)  we  will  find 
young  and  old  forms  of  signs  even  in  the  same  letter  which 
fact  clearly  shows  that  the  old  forms  are  merely  artificial  ones. 
As  it  is  very  probable  that  Agua  or  Aguia  mentioned  in  No. 
9,1  and  10,13  is  identical  with  Agua  mentioned  in  contracts 
found  at  Nippur  and  dated  in  the  time  of  Rtm-Sin^  and  Sam- 
su'iluna,^  and  that  N anna- sala sir,  the  writer  of  No.  9 is  iden- 
tical with  the  witness  in  BE,  VI,  2,  No.  51,13  (time  of  Samsui- 
luna),  it  is  at  least  probable  that  most  of  the  letters  found  at 
Nippur  belong  to  the  reigns  of  Rtm-Sin  or  Hammurapi  and 
Samsuiluna.  More  exact  dates  are  unfortunately  not  obtainable. 

As  1 am  going  to  give  full  transcriptions  and  translations  of 


^ There  can  be  little  doubt  that  helu  means  “king”  in  this  letter.  That  this  belu  (beli,  bUni) 
was  the  official  address  of  the  king  is  shown  by  quotations  given  in  various  letters  written  by  the 
kings  themselves;  cf.  BB,  43  (1.  13,  bUi  my  lord  — Hammurapi);  BB,  49  (1.  10,  14,  bUi  — Hammu- 
rapi); BB,  51  (1.  5,  beli  = Hammurapi);  BB,  63  (1.  10  flF.  belini  = Samsuiluna) ; BB,  70(1.  10, 
belni  = Abie  sub) ; BB,  88  (1.  9,  belni  — Samsuditana). 

2 Cf.  the  photographic  reproduction  on  pi.  XCVII.  The  case  could  not  be  removed 
without  destroying  it.  Therefore,  the  letter  was  not  opened. 

3 BE,  VI,  2,  No.  6,  3. 

•’  BE,  VI,  2,  No.  29,  3. 


ARTHUR  UNGNAD — BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  OF  THE  HAMMURAPI  PERIOD  I I 


all  these  letters  in  the  second  part  of  my  “Babylonische  Briefe”^ 
I will  only  give  a few  interesting  specimens  in  the  introduc- 
tion of  this  volume  together  with  the  translation  of  the  remark- 
able cone  of  King  Hammurapi. 

My  thanks  are  due  to  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  and 
especially  to  Provost  Dr.  Edgar  F.  Smith,  who  enabled  me  to 
spend  the  winter  in  Philadelphia,  and  also  to  the  Director 
of  the  Museum,  Dr.  George  B.  Gordon,  for  his  indefatigable 
assistance  during  the  preparation  of  this  work. 

Arthur  Ungnad. 


ABBREVIATIONS 

BA  Beitrdge  fiir  Assyriologie  und  vergl.  sem.  Sprachwissen- 
schaft. 

BB  A.  Ungnad,  Babylonische  Brief e aus  der  Zeit  der  Ham- 
murapi-Dynastie,  Leipzig,  1914. 

BE  Babylonian  Expedition  of  the  University  of  Penns}i- 
vania. 

CT  Cuneiform  Texts  from  Babylonian  Tablets  in  the  Brit- 
ish Museum. 

OLZ  Orientalistische  Liter aturie Hung. 


^ A.  Ungnad,  Babylonische  Brieje  aus  der  Zeit  der  Hammurapi-Dynasiie  (Vorderasiatische 
Bibliothek),  Leipzig,  1914.  The  second  part  is  finished  in  manuscript. 


INTRODUCTION 


The  letters  published  in  this  volume  may  be  divided  into 
official  and  private  letters.  Official  letters  are  those  which 
are  either  written  by  or  to  a king  or  high  official.  There  are 
no  letters  in  our  collection  written  by  any  king  of  the  Ham- 
murapi  dynasty,  but  there  are  several  official  letters  which  may 
be  considered  as  addressed  to  a king.  As  we  mentioned  in 
the  Preface,^  the  usual  address  to  the  king  is  simply  helu  {ana 
heliia)\  but  from  this  fact  we  are  not  allowed  to  infer  that 
every  letter  having  the  formula  ana  heliia  is  addressed  to  a 
king.  When  we  consider  letters  like  BB  No.  235,  which  is 
addressed  ana  helim,  we  certainly  do  not  get  the  impression 
that  the  addressee  is  the  king.  There  are  furthermore  a good 
many  letters  written  by  women  ana  heliia:  in  this  case  it  is 
very  probable  that  helu  simply  means  the  husband. ^ In  most 
of  the  cases,  it  is  therefore  quite  impossible  to  say  whether 
a letter  addressed  ana  helna  is  written  to  the  king  or  another 
high  official.  Only  the  contents  may  give  some  information 
in  one  or  the  other  direction. 

^ Cf.  p.  10,  note  I. 

2 Cf.  BB,  No.  1 13,  1 14,  115. 


(13) 


14 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


OFFICIAL  LETTERS 


A good  specimen  of  this  class  is  No.  89  of  our  collection 
dated  in  the  time  of  King  Ammisaduga}  It  is  written  by  a 
certain  lhni-[.  . .]  and  the  judges  of  Sippar-Amnanum.  As 
several  of  the  letters  of  King  Ammisaduga  are  addressed  to  a 
certain  Ihni-Sin,  a high  official  of  Sippar^  it  is  very  probable 
that  the  name  broken  in  our  letter  has  to  be  supplied  as  Ibni- 
[Am].  The  letter  is  unfortunately  damaged,  but  we  can  recognize 
that  it  is  concerned  with  a reproach  of  the  king  to  the  high 
officials  of  Sippar  for  not  having  given  certain  taxes  to  a tax 
collector^  of  Babylon  sent  by  the  king.  As  we  mentioned 
before,  the  letter  is  no  original  but  a copy  that  had  been  pre- 
served in  the  archives  of  Sippar.  It  runs  as  follows. 


(i.  No.  89)^ 

be-  l[i-  ni] 
bi-  [ma] 
ib-  ni-  'fNm] 

u daianu[”®^  sijppar’"'  am-na-nu-u[m-ma] 


O.  a-na 
ki- 


um-ma 


5.  as-sum  sa  be-el-ni  is-pu-ra-an-ni-a-s[i-i]m 
um-ma  be-el-ni-ma 
ki-ma  a-na  mi-ik-si  ma-ka-si  ta-ap-ri-ka-ma 
a-di  i-na-an-na  mi-ik-su  la  [i]m-ma-ak-su 

makis  bab-ili^'  i^/-[...].. 

10.  a-na  mi-nim  ta-[ap-ri-ka-m]a 

1 Cf.  Preface,  p.  lo. 

^ BB,  83-85,  87. 

^ ZAG.HA  = mdkisu:  Thureau-Dangin,  RA  VII,  p.  185. 

Cf.  the  photographic  reproduction  on  pi.  C. 


ARTHUR  UNGNAD — BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  OF  THE  HAMMURAPI  PERIOD  I 5 


mi-ik-su  a-di  i-na-an-na  [la  im-ma-ki-is] 

[jnjakis  bab-ili^''[ 

(about  20  lines  missing) 

R.  im-ma-  2i[k-ka-as] 

an-ni-tam  nu-u&-[ 

35.  ma-la  i-na  e-sag-ila  ma-har  '^""marduk  [ 

^gi-mil-  '^""marduk  DUB  . SAR.  ZAG . GA^  sa  a-na  ib-[ni- 
Sin  is-saj-ak-nu 

a-na  tup-sar-ru-tim  u-te-ir-ma  a-na  E.  DUB.  BA  i[-ru-ii\h 

ki-ma  be-el-ni  is-pu-ra-an-[ni-a-si-im] 

makis  bab-ili^'  mi-ik-sa  2i-h[a..]  i-n[a....s]u 

40.  uk-  ti-in-nu  . . . . [ 

a-na  se-me-e  be-li-ni  ni-i[s-pu-ra-am] 

me-hi-ir  tup-pi  s[d 

sa  as-sum  makis . . [ 

U.E.  ""^"4ebetu  u[m 

45.  mu  am-mi-za-du-g[a  lugal-e] 

"^"""ki.lugal-g[ub P 

TRANSLATION 

^ To  [our]  lord  ^ speak:  Hhus  (say)  Ibni-[Sin]  ^ and  the 
judges  of  Sippar-Amnanum : ^ as  to  what  our  lord  wrote  unto 
us,  ® our  lord  (saying)  as  follows:  ^ The  tax  collector  of 
Babylon  has  [reported],  ^ that  ye  have  acted  unlawfully  with 
regard  to  the  paying  of  the  taxes,  so  that,  ^ up  to  the  present 
time,  the  taxes  have  not  been  paid!  ^°Why  have  ye  [acted 
unlawfully,  so]  that  ^Hhe  taxes,  up  to  the  present  time,  [have 

not  been  paid]?  ^^The  tax  collector  of  Babylon  [ 

(about  20  lines  missing) 

^ Cf.  Thureau-Dangin,  Lettres  et  Contrats  152. 

2 Supply  either  [ni-mah-a]  or  [ih-dirig-ga\\  in  the  first  case  it  would  be  the  13th  year,  in  the 
latter  a year  after  the  i6th  (v.  A.  Ungnad,  BA  VI  3,  p.  14). 


1 6 UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 

] shall  he  paid.  This  matter  we  have  [ ]. 

^Whatever  [has  been  delivered]  in  Esagila  before  the  god  Mar- 
duk,  has  Gimil-Marduk,  the  clerk,  who  had  been  appointed 
to  lb[ni-Sin],  written  down,  and  then  he  [has  ent]ered  into  the 
archives.  According  to  what  our  lord  has  written  unto 
[us],  the  tax  collector  of  Babylon  has  [collected]  the  taxes 

They  have  proved  (it)....[ ].  ^Mn  order 

that  our  lord  might  hear  it,  we  are  writing  (this  letter). 

Copy  of  a letter  [ ] which  in  regard  to  the 

tax  collector.  . [ ] 

Tebetu,  the  [...th],  year  in  which  [King]  Ammi- 
saduga  [set  up]  a kingly  monument  made  of  brass  [ ] 

Another  letter  sent  by  Ibni-Sin  and  the  judges  of  Sippar 
is  No.  102  which  is  unfortunately  badly  preserved  and  care- 
lessly written,  many  signs  and  even  whole  lines  (26,  27)  being 
erased.  This  fact  shows  that  this  letter,  too,  is  not  the  original 
sent  ana  belini,^  but  a rough  draft  from  which  the  official  letter 
was  copied.  This  draft  was  then  preserved  in  the  archives 
of  Sippar.  The  letter  runs  as  follows. 

(2.  No.  102)^ 

O.  a-na  be-  li-  ni 

ki-  b:-  ma 

um-ma  ib-ni-  sin 

u daianu  -ma 

3.  i-nu-ma  be-el-ni  i-na  sippar^'  wa-as-bu 
wa-ar-ka-tum  ip-pa-ar-ra-as-ma 
i-na  M-al-ma-ti  be-el-ni  at-ta  tu-sa-si-a-an-ni-a-ti 


^ There  can  be  little  doubt  that  here  the  hHu  is  King  Ammisaduga. 
2 Cf.  the  photographic  reproduction  on  pi.  C 11. 


ARTHUR  UNGNAD — BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  OF  THE  HAMMURAPI  PERIOD  IJ 

i-na-an-na  it-ti  puhadi^'"''  sa  ekallim 
puhadi^'""  ni-na-ad-di-iiz 
10.  wa-ar-ka-tum  ip-pa-ar-ra-as-ma 
i-na  sa-al-ma-ti  nu-us-si 
is-tu  i-na  tup-pi  sar-ri-im 

^ilu-sa-ib-[ni  i-na  sipjparim*"' 

it-ti . . [ 

(about  10  lines  missing) 

R.  um-ma  [ 

26.  ma-an-nu^  [ 

an^ 

a-wa-at  ni-ga-ab-bu-su-nu-si-im  u-ul  i-se-im-mu-u 
sum-ma  ag-ga-li  u ^^daltum  sa  ni..  ad-da-ma 

30.  ma.... t\-m  na-da-nim 

ni-ga-  bi-  su-  nu-si-im-ma 
u-ul  /[iw-ta-ag]-ga-ru-ni-a-ti 
^ilu-su-[ib-ni . . . i..mu  i-na  pi-ha-at 


a-na  /z-la  [ ] . . hi 

35.  ^-5z-ka  [ ] se 

V w r 

U IS-  [ 

a-na  [ 


L.E.  [ ]-im  u-sa-si  u be-li  at-ta  ti-di 

[i-n]a-an-na  ab..la-a  si-it-ti ta-tum 

[....]  ^-si-ti  ti-di  ni-a-ti-im-ma  . . . .t2i-\R-a[k-k]u 


TRANSLATION 

^ To  our  lord  ^ speak:  ^ thus  (say)  Ibni-Sin  ^ and  the 
judges : ^ When  our  lord  stayed  at  Sippar  ® the  matter  used 


^ an  and  nu  are  erased 
2 All  the  signs  after  an  are  erased. 

® The  beginning  of  the  line  is  erased. 


i8 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


to  be  inquired  into,  and  ^ safely  thou,  our  lord,  hast  delivered 
us.  ^ Now  ^ we  want  to  give  lambs  ^ together  with  the  lambs 
of  the  palace.  The  matter  will  be  inquired  into  and  safely 
we  shall  be  delivered.  After,  by  royal  letter,  llusu- 
ib[ni 


(about  10  lines  missing) 

] the  word  which  we  say  to  them  they  do  not  hear . . . . 
(the  rest  is  nearly  quite  unintelligible) 


Several  letters  the  envelop  of  which  probably  had  the 
address  ana  heliia  have  no  introduction  at  all.  One  of  the 
most  interesting  texts  of  this  kind  is  No.  119,  bringing  a law- 
case  of  a certain  Isme-Adad  against  his  brother  Muhaddum 
before  the  king.  The  writer  .is  not  mentioned  in  the  text: 
probably  he  was  a high  official  {sdpiru?)  at  the  place  where 
the  wronged  man  was  living.  The  letter  runs  as  follows. 


(3.  No.  119)^ 

O.  hs-me-  '‘""adad  mar  ig-miW^'^sm  wa[rad-ka] 
ki-a-am  ik-bi-a-am  um-ma  su-[ma] 

I "^^amtam  libbi  sa  bit  a-bi-ia 
a-na-ku  u ah-hu-ia 

w w A 

5.  a-na  kaspim  a-na  tamkarim  ni-id-di-in-ma 
[kas]ap-sa  ni-il-ki-e 
^^^amtam  sii-a-ti  it-ti  tamkarim 
a-na-ku  ap-tu-u[r-s]i-m[a] 
ka-ni-ik-sa  na-si-[a-ku] 

10.  is-tu  sattim 

"^^amtum  si-i  ma-ah-ri-ia  [wa-ds-ba-at] 
ah-hu-ia  u-ul  ib-ku-r[u-si] 


^ Cf.  the  photographic  reproduction  on  pi.  Cl  I. 


ARTHUR  UNGNAD — BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  OF  THE  HAMMURABI  PERIOD  IQ 


i-na-an-na  mu-ha-ad-du-um  [a-hi] 

"^^amtam  su-a-ti  a-sar  [M-ni-im-ma] 

15.  il-  te-  [ki] 

R.  ki-a-am  ik-bi-[a-am] 

Ss-me-^'^adad  [su-u] 

a-na  ma-har  be-Ii-ia  it-t[a-al-kam] 

be-li  sa-ap-ti-su  l[i-is-me] 

20.  ka-ni-ka-ti-su  li-m[u-ur] 

i-na  mu-uh-hi  mu-ha-ad-d[u-um] 
li-is  -s[i-  ma] 

'^^amtam  li-te-ir-ru-n[i-is-sum] 

^is-me-  "‘""adad  wara[d-ka] 

25.  ma-har  '^""samas  a-na  be-li-[ija 
li-  ik  -ru-  ub 

be-li  at-ta  i-na  su-ul-mi  u ba-la-ti 
a-na  bab-ili^'  ir-ba-am-ma 
bu-nu  nam-ru-tum  sa  '^""marduk  ra-i-mi-ka 
30.  u '^""adad  ba-ni-ka  li-im-hu-ru-ka 

TRANSLATION 

^ Isme-Adad,  son  of  Igmil-Sin,  [thy]  servant,  ^ has  spoken 
to  me  as  follows:  thus  he  (has  said):  ^ ‘'One  female  slave 
belonging  to  those  of  my  father’s  house  ^ 1 and  my  brothers 
® had  given  to  a merchant  for  silver.  ® Silver  for  her  we  had 
received.  That  slave  from  the  merchant  ® 1 myself  had 
released  [and]  ^a  sealed  document  concerning  her  [I  have] 
taken.  For  ten  years  that  slave  [A  living]  at  my  house: 

my  brothers  did  not  claim  her.  Now,  Muhaddum,  [a 
brother  of  mine],  has  taken  that  slave  [at  another]  place 
for  himself.” 

^®Thus  he  has  spoken  to  me. 


[That  man]  Isme-Adad 


20 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


is  now  coming  into  the  presence  of  my  lord.  My  lord 
may  hear  it  from  his  own  lips ; his  sealed  documents  he  may 
look  at.  Against  Muhaddum  he  may  give  orders  [that] 
they  shall  give  back  the  slave  to  him  (i.e.,  Isme-Adad). 

Isme-Adad,  thy  servant,  may  pray  before  Samas 
for  the  sake  of  my  lord!  My  lord,  in  welfare  and  health 
enter  into  the  city  of  Babylon,  and  then  may  the  splen- 
did revelation  of  Marduk  who  loves  thee  and  of  Adad,  who 
has  created  thee,  give  their  benedictions  unto  thee! 

Other  letters  addressed  ana  heliia  are  Nos.  63,  78,  103, 
104,  and  probably  the  mutilated  texts  Nos.  29,  30,  62,  72,  130. 
Some  others  having  no  introduction  (Nos.  82,  83,  84,  88,  123, 
129)  probably  had  the  address  ana  helim  on  the  envelop. 

Another  kind  of  official  letters  are  those  addressed  ana 
sa'piriia  '‘to  my  governor.”  The  position  of  such  a sdpiru 
may  best  be  understood  from  the  text  BB,  238  ( = CT,  IV,  i,  2). 
In  our  collection  only  the  badly  preserved  text  No.  70  has  the 
address  ana  Mpiriia. 

Some  of  the  letters  addressed  ana  awUim  may  be  classed 
under  the  heading  “official  letters”  (Nos.  66,  68,  69,  75,  76,  77(?), 
90-96,  98-101,  1 1 1 (?)),  though  it  is  quite  certain  that  aweln 
simply  is  an  honorific  title  like  Sir,  Esquire  or  German  “Hoch- 
wohlgeboren.”  As  an  example  we  may  give  No.  90, 

(4.  No.  90)^ 

O.  a-na  a-we-lim 
ki-  bi-  ma 

um-ma  '^''sm-na-di-i[n-a]h-hi-ma 
‘^""samas  u '^""marduk  da-ri-is  umi“' 


^ Cf.  the  photographic  reproduction  on  pi.  C. 


ARTHUR  UNGNAD — BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  OF  THE  HAMMURABI  PERIOD  2 1 


5.  li-ba-al-li-tu-ka 

lu  sa-al-ma-ta  lu  ba-al-ta-ta 

ilum  na-si-ir-ka  ri-es-ka  a-na  da-mi-ik-tim 

li-  ki-  il 


a-na  su-ul-mi-ka  as-pu-ra-am 
10.  su-Ium-ka  ma-har  '^""samas  '‘""marduk 
u be-li-ia  am-mi-za-du-ga 
lu  da-  ri 

as-sum  di-ib-ba-at  '^'"sm-ri-me-ni 
u ib-ni-  '^'"adad  a-hi-su 
15.  sa  i-na  sippar"'  ia-ah-ru-rum 
a-  mu-  ru-  ma 


ka-ni-ik  ri-ik-sa-tim  u-se-zi-bu-su-nu-ti 
ku-nu-uk  sange  ‘‘""samas  sange  '^""a-a 
Lo.E.  u ku-nu-uk-  ka-ti-ku-nu 
20.  ta-  ak-  nu-  ka 
R.  ka-ni-ik  ri-ik-sa-ti  si-na-ti 
^'^""sm-ri-me-ni  su-u  na-si 
ki-ma  '''sm-ri-me-ni  su-u 
a-na  si-im-ti-su  il-li-ku 
25.  ^ib-ni-  '^""adad  a-hu-su 

a-na  bit  '^""sm-ri-me-ni  ur-ta-ag-gi 

V 1 IV  A iluv  V V A ill! 

sa  ku-nu-uk  sange  samas  sange  a-a 
u ku-nu-uk-ka-at-ku-nu  ba-ak-ra. 
ku-nu-uk  ma-an-ni-im-ma  im-ma-ah-ha-ar 
30.  ^ib-ni-  *‘'adad  su-a-ti 
li-ki-ir-ri-bu-ni-ik-kum 


i-na  mu-uh-hi-su  si-si 

ni-sa-am  i-na  sa-ap-ti-su  li-is-sa-ki-ma^ 

a-na  bit  '^""sm-ri-me-ni  a-hi-su 

la  u-  ra-ag-ga 


M.  e.,  lis<akimma  = lissakin-ma.  The  accusative  is  very  remarkable. 


22 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM— -BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


TRANSLATION 

^ To  the  noble  one  ^ speak:  ^ thus  (says)  Sin-nadin-ahhi : 
^ Samas  and  Marduk  may,  for  the  duration  of  time,  ^ keep  thee 
healthy!  ® Mayest  thou  be  well,  mayest  thou  be  healthy! 
^ The  god  who  guards  thee,  ^ may  lift  up  ^ thy  head  to  happi- 
ness! M am  sending  now  (to  inquire)  after  thy  welfare: 
may  thy  welfare  be  perpetual  before  Samas,  Marduk 
and  my  lord  Ammisaduga! 

As  to  the  case  of  Sin-rimeni  and  Ibni-Adad,  his 
brother,  which  have  investigated  ^Mn  Sippar-Jahrurum 

and  thereupon  had  caused  them  to  draw  up  a sealed  docu- 
ment of  their  treaty,  you  had  sealed  (the  document)  with 
the  seal  of  the  priest  of  the  god  Samas,  the  priest  of  the  goddess 
Aya  and  your  seals.  The  sealed  document  of  that  treaty 
had  that  man  Sin-rimeni  received.  After  that  man  Sin- 
rimeni  had  gone  to  his  destiny  (i.e.,  died),  Ibni-Adad,  his 
brother,  raised  claims  against  the  house  of  Sin-rimeni.  If 
one  is  doubting  the  seal  of  the  priest  of  Samas,  the  priest  of 
Aya  and  your  seals,  whose  seal  should  be  accepted!  Let 
them  bring  before  thee  ^Hhat  man  Ibni-Adad:  give  orders 

against  him!  An  oath  shall  be  put  on  his  lips,  that  he 
will  raise  no  claims  against  the  house  of  Sin-rimeni,  his 
brother. 


ARTHUR  UNGNAD — BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  OF  THE  HAMMURABI  PERIOD  23 


PRIVATE  LETTERS 

Like  all  old-Babylonian  letters  the  letters  referring  to 
private  affairs  are  very  important  from  the  linguistic  point  of 
view.  Rare  words  and  forms  occur  which  can  not  be  found 
in  any  historical  or  religious  texts.  The  Babylonian  Grammar 
especially  benefits  by  the  great  number  of  verbal  forms  of  the 
second  person  of  which  those  of  the  plural  are  the  most  inter- 
esting ones.  The  rule,  established  by  the  present  writer,^  that 
the  ending  of  the  second  person  of  the  plural  is  a and  not  it, 
even  when  it  is  masculine,  is  confirmed  throughout  these  letters. 
There  is  also  a new  example  of  a letter  addressed  to  two  women 
giving  a number  of  those  exceedingly  rare  forms  of  the  second 
person  of  the  feminine  plural.  As  only  one  letter  so  far  is 
known, ^ besides  that  in  our  collection  (No.  51),  we  will  give 
this  specimen  here  in  transcription  and,  as  far  as  it  is  possible, 
in  translation,  too. 


(5.  No.  51)^ 

O.  a-na  ka-ka-a  u mi-ir-si-ia 
ki-  bi-  ma 
um-ma  ’^Nm-ma-gir-ma 
'^''samas  li-ba-al-li-it-ki-na-ti 
5.  na-/M an-nu-um 

sa  warham  . . . ma-ma  a-na  SO.KAZKAL  se-e 
lihhim 

a-na  su-ul-mi-ia  la  ta-as-pu-ra-nim 


^ OLZ.  1906,  p.  585  ff. 

2 Thureau-Dangin,  Lettres  ei  Conirats,  No.  23;  cf.  BB,  129. 
® Cf.  the  photographic  reproduction  on  pi.  XCN'III. 


24 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM-““BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


a-nu-um-ma  ^ '^'"samas-e-pi-ri 
a-na  si-ri“ki-na  at-tar-dam 
Lo.E.  3/30  kem  se’im  1/30  kem  ke 
II.  su-  bi-  la-  nim 
R.  sa  si-bu-tim  ma-ah-ri-ia 

• w ^ 

* 1 ^ ^ ^ * TpS  * * * 

i-ba-aS"Si  amtum  a-na  si-ri-ia 

• ^ 

li-li-kam-ma  lu-sa-bi-la-ki-im-ma 
15.  a-sa-ri-is  id-na-a-ma 
sa  tu-sa-bi-la-nim 
i-na  is-ri-ki-na-a-ma 
hu-ur-sa-ma  si-ta-tum 
ki-ma  a“Sa-pa-(ra)-ki-na-si-im 
20.  su-  bi-  la-  nim 

TRANSLATION 

^ To  Kaka  and  Mirsiya  ^ speak:  ^ thus  (says)  Sin-magir. 
^ Samas  may  keep  you  healthy ! ^ How  is  it  possible,^  ^ that 

for  a (whole)  month  ^ you  have  not  sent  ® anybody  to  me  because 

of  the  provisions  for  the  journey ^ and  in  order  to  inquire 

after  my  welfare! 

^ Now  I am  despatching  Samas-epiri  ^ to  you:  i/io  kur 

of  barley  flour  and  1/30  kur  of  bean  flour  send  to  me!  ^Mt 
is  wanted  for  some  purpose  with  me.  A female  servant 

^^may  come  to  me,  and  then  1 shall  send  thee^  (silver). There- 
upon give  (the  flour)  immediately  and  what  you  will  have 
sent  to  me  take  off  from  your  own  tithe.  The  rest  send 
to  me  according  to  what  I shall  write  to  you. 


^ Very  doubtful;  there  may  have  been,  at  this  place,  a form  belonging  to  the  root 

2 Instead  of  "yoti”! 

3 Omitted  by  the  scribe? 


ARTHUR  UNGNAD — BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  OF  THE  HAMMURAPI  PERIOD  25 

Among  the  letters  referring  to  business  transactions  we 
may  select  two  dealing  with  the  same  affair,  the  famous 
LuHamarAetters . Both  of  them  (Nos.  46  and  47)  were  enclosed 
in  envelops  which  were  opened,  so  that  the  letters  could  be 
read.  Their  having  being  preserved  together  with  the  envelops 
is  an  indication  that  they  were  copies  kept  in  the  archives. 
Both  envelops  are  sealed:  No.  46  with  the  seal  of  a certain 
IVarad-Sin  (though  the  writer  is  a certain  Sin-rimeni) , No.  47 
with  the  seal  of  the  writer  llum-hdni,  son  of  Ibi-Ilabrat,  known 
also  from  the  Sippar-texts  BE,  VI,  2,  No.  72,  1.  3 (21st  year  of 
Hammurapi)  and  BE,  VI,  i.  No.  50a:  19  and  b:  19  (2d  year  of 
Samsuiluna).  The  last  text  also  mentions  a brother  of  his 
Sin-rtmeni  (50  b:  19)  who  may  be  identical  with  the  writer 
of  letter  No.  46. 

Both  letters  deal  with  transgressions  of  the  ni'putu-n^l. 
As  we  know  from  the  code  of  Hammurapi  (§§  ii4ff.),  a man 
who  had  certain  claims  against  another  was  allowed  to  take 
away  a slave  or  even  a free  person  from  the  household  of  his 
debtor,  in  order  to  have  this  person  work  for  him.  Such  a 
person  was  called  niputu  (pi.  nipdtu).  Evidently  Lustamar 
had  taken  such  a niputu  from  the  daughters  of  a certain  lasi- 
ili,  though  his  claims  already  had  been  satisfied.  We  read: 

(6.  No.  46)^ 

Envelop:  ^[a-na  l]u-us-ta-mar 
{seal)  Varad-  '^Nm 
mar  an-na-ili 
warad  ‘^""amurrim 
Letter:  O.  a-na  lu-us-ta-mar 
ki-  bi-  ma 


^ Cf.  the  photographic  reproductions  on  pi.  XCVllI. 


26 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — -BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


um-rna  ^'^""sm-ri-me-ni-ma 
ni-pu-tum  si  marat  ia-si-li 
5.  a-di  ma-ha-ar  ra-bi-a-nim 
nu-  lu-xu  a-na  bi-tim 
sa  marat  ia-si-li 
la  ta-sa  -zi 


TRANSLATION 

Envelop:  ^ [To]  Lustamar. 

{seal)  ^ Warad-Sin,  ^ son  of  Anna-ili,  ^ servant  of 
the  god  Amurrum. 

Letter:  ^ To  Lustamar  ^ speak:  ^ thus  (says)  Sin-rimeni: 
^ The  niputu  of  the  daughter  of  I^asili  ^ to  the  presence  of  the 

prefect  ® Against  the  house  ^ of  the  daughter  of  Jasili 

® thou  shalt  not  make  a claim. ^ 

(7.  No.  47)2 

Envelop:  ^ana  lu-us-ta-mar 

{seal)  ^ilu-su-ba-ni  dam-gar 
dumu  i-bi-  '^'"ilabrat 
arad  '^'''^'Tin-subura-g[e] 

Letter:  O.  a-na  lu-us-ta-mar 
ki-  bi-  ma 
um-ma  ilu-su-ba-ni-ma 
marat™^^  ia-si-ili 

5.  ki-a-am  is-pur-ra-nim  um-ma  si-na-ma 
se’a-am  sa  G1 . PA.SlK.  IS^"" 
ma-  hi-  ir 
li-ib-ba-su  ta-ab 

^ Literally  "call.” 

* Cf.  the  photographic  reproductions  on  pi.  XCIX. 


ARTHUR  UNGNAD — BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  OF  THE  HAMMURAPI  PERIOD  27 


i-na-an-na  ni-pa-ti-ni 
10.  it-ti-pi 

R.  ki-a-am  is-pur-ra-nim 
se’a-am  ma-ah-ra-a-ta 
li-ib-ba-ka  ta-ab 
a-li-a-am-ma  marat™^^  ia-si-ili 
15.  a-  pu-  ul 


TRANSLATION 

Envelop:  ^ To  Lustamar. 

{seal)  Mlusu-bani,  the  merchant,  ^ son  of  Ibi- 
Ilabrat,  ^servant  of  the  god  Ilabrat  ( = Nin- 
subur). 

Letter:  ^ To  Lustamar  ^ speak:  ^ thus  (says)  Ilusu-bani; 
^ the  daughters  of  ](asi-ili  ^ have  written  to  me  as  follows ; 

Barley  for ^ he  {vi^.,  Lustamar)  has  received,  * his 

heart  is  satisfied.  ^ Now  he  has  taken  away  ® niputus  belong- 
ing to  us.”  After  this  fashion  they  have  written  to  me. 
The  barley  thou  hast  received,  thy  heart  is  satisfied! 
(the  requests  of)  the  daughters  of  lasi-ili  answer! 

Among  the  letters  found  at  Nippur  we  may,  at  least,  select 
one  dealing  with  a very  interesting  law  suit: 

(8.  No.  7). 

O.  a-na  lu-ga-a 
ki-  bi-  ma 

um-ma  '^Nm-pu-ut-ra-am-ma 
''"en-lil  u ""NIN.IB  li-ba-li-tu-ka 
5.  hu-ga-tum  alpf'^-su  a-na  dimtim''" 


28 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 

a-na  ekil  samassammim  e-pi-si-im 
iz-zu-ha-[am]-ma 
^u-bar-lu-lu  wa-ar-k[i-su]  i-la-ak 
alap-su  i-mU"Ut-ma 
10.  a-na  si-ri-ia  a-na  di-ni-im  il-li-k[u-n]im-ma 
SA.GUD'"''''  a-Ii-ik  i-di-su  a-sa-al-ma 
ki-a-am  ik-bu-nim  um-ma  su-nu-ma 
alpum  ip-du-ur-ma  sa-am-mi  i-ka-al 
[im-k]u-ut-ma  im-tu-ut 
L.E.  [um-m]a  a-na-ku-u-ma 
R.  [a-na  njippurim^'  a-na  a-al  daidnr^' 
a-al-ka-a-ma 
di-nam  li-di-nu-ku-nu-ti 

i-na  nippurim^'  daianu^^^  di-nam  i-di-nu-su-nu-ti 
20.  a-na  ha-dih  '^kirem  a-na  ni-is  ilim 
^u-bar-lu-lu  i-di-nu 
^^^lu-ga-tum  di-nam  su-a-ti 
u-ul  l[i-k]i 

wa-ar-ka-zu  p[u-ru-u]s-[ma] 
la  ih-ha-ab-ba-al 

TRANSLATION 

^ To  Luga  2 speak:  ^ thus  (says)  Sin-putram:  ^ Enlil  and 
NIN.IB  may  keep  thee  healthy!  Lugatum  had  fetched 
his  oxen  to  the  town  of  Dimtu,  in  order  to  till  a field  of  sesame. 
Thereupon  ^ Ubar-Lulu  followed  him:  ^ one  ox  of  his  died; 
therefore  they  came  into  my  presence  for  judgment.  Then 
the  herdsmen,  who  had  helped  him,  I asked  and  they  spoke 
as  follows:  ^^‘'The  ox  went  aside  in  order  to  eat  grass;  [he 
fell]  down  and  died.'’ 


ARTHUR  UNGNAD — BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  OF  THE  HAMMURABI  PERIOD  29 

Thus  I (replied) : [“To]  Nippur  to  the  city  of  the‘ 

judges  ye  must  go;  then  they  will  render  you  a judgment/' 
^Mn  Nippur  the  judges  rendered  a judgment  to  them: 
20-21  assigned  Ubar-Lulu  to  the  Garden  Gate  for  an  oath. 
22-23  Lugatum  has  not  accepted  that  judgment.  [Inquire] 
into  his  matter,  [in  order  that]  he  may  not  suffer  any 
damage. 


30 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


A NEW  INSCRIPTION  OF  HAMMURAPI 

The  cone  published  here  as  an  appendix  (No.  133  = pi. 
cm  f.)  belongs  to  the  oldest  collections  of  the  Museum.  That 
this  inscription  was  written  during  Hammurapi’ s earlier  reign/ 
is  shown  by  the  fact  that  the  king  does  not  call  himself  sar 
kibrat  arha’im  ''king  of  the  four  quarters  of  the  world. It 
refers  to  the  building  of  the  wall  of  Sippar,  certainly  the  same 
operation  which  was  celebrated  by  the  naming  of  the  king’s 
25th  year:  mu  had  ‘'year  in  which  the  wall  of  Sippar 

(was  finished).”  This  building  operation  probably  was  begun 
in  the  king’s  23d  year:  mu  apin  had  limhi/'  “year  in  which 
the  foundation  of  the  wall  of  Sippar  (was  laid).”  Therefore 
the  whole  work  took  about  two  years. 

The  walls  of  Sippar  again  collapsed  during  the  last  years 
of  the  king’s  reign.  He  therefore  had  built  them  anew  and 
this  operation  is  mentioned  in  the  inscriptions  of  the  British 
Museum  No.  122 12  and  12216^  in  which  the  king  is  called 
^ar  kibrat  arhaim  (1.  4).  The  same  operation  was  celebrated 
by  naming  the  king’s  43d  year  mu  limhir^'  '‘year  of  Sippar.” 

The  inscription  published  in  this  volume  runs  as  follows: 

1 

i-nu  ‘‘^'samas  sarrum  sa  ilP 

be-lum  ra-bi-um  5 ha-am-mu-ra-pi 

sa^  sa-ma-i  u ir-si-tim  ru-ba-am  mi-gir®-su  ia-ti 

^ Cf.  also  Preface,  p.  7. 

* Vil-,  Sumer- Akkad,  Elamtu,  Amurru,  Subartu;  cf.  BA,  VI,  5,  p.  18. 

® King,  Letters  and  Inscriptions  of  Hammurabi,  I,  57  (pi.  97  ff.),  58  (pi.  102  ff.);  Ill,  p.  177  ff. 

^ Original  ta. 

^AN-AN. 

^ Orig.  ha. 


ARTHUR  UNGNAD — BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  OF  THE  HAMMURAPI  PERIOD  3 1 


7 in  pa(-ni)^-su  nam-ru-tim 
ha-  di-  is 
ip-pa-al-  sa^-  ni 
10  sar-ru-tam  da-n-tam^ 
pala  umi”"'  ar-ku-tim 
is-  ru-  kam 
isid  matim^ 
sa  a-na  be-li-im 
15  i-ti-  na-  am 
u-  ki-  in-  nam^ 
ni-si®  sippar’"' 
u bab-:li^‘ 
su-ba-at  ne-ih-ti 
20  su-  su-  ba-am 
in  pi-su  el-li-im 
sa  la  na-ka-ar  ik-bi-u 
dur  sippar’"' 
e-pi-  sa-  am 
25  ri-si-su  ul-la-a-am 
ra-bi-  is 

46  ^a  is-tu  um'''"  si-a-tim 
sar-ru  in  sarrf* 


lu-wa-ir-ra-an-ni 

• A ‘mi  V r 

i-nu-umi  - su 
ha-am-mu-ra-  pi 
30  sarrum  da-num 
sar  bab-ili^' 

na-’i-du-um  se-mu  ‘‘'"samas 
na-ra-am  "‘'"a-a 
mu-ti-ib  li-bi^ 

35  ‘‘'"marduk  be-li-su  a-na-ku 
in  e-mu-ki-in 
si-ra-  tim 

V ^ iluv  V . • Q 

sa  samas  it -ti-na -am 
in  ti-  bu-ut 
40  um-ma-an  ma-ti-ia 
us-si  dur  sippar'"’ 
in  e-pi-  ri 

ki-ma  sadi^^-im  ra-bi-m 
ri-si-52i^^-nu  lu  u-ul-li 
45  duram  siram^^  lu  e-pu-us 

II 

48  ma-na-ma  la  i-pu-su 
a-na  '^""samas  be-li-ia 


^ Omitted  by  orig. 

2 Sign  lag  — damku. 

^ dam. 

4 UN. 

® B:  na-a[m\{l) . 

® Sign  sig. 

7 B:  ib-hi. 

^ Orig.  da. 

^ Omitted  by  B. 

10  SA.TU. 

Orig.  apparently  {u. 

Or  badmahham  instead  of  duram  siram. 


32 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


50  ra-bi-is  lu  e-pu-us-zum 
durum  su-  u 
in  ki-bi-it  '^'"samas 
ha-am-  mu-ra-pi 
ma-hi-ri  a ir-si 

w 

55  sum-  su 

in  pale-ia  dam-ki-im 

V r iluv  V *1  1 V 

sa  samas  ib-bu-u 
sippar^' 

al^'  [s]z-a-tim  s[d ] 

60  umman-su  in  . . [ ] 

a-na  '^""samas  lu  [ ] 

nar-su  lu  ah-[ri] 
a-na  ir-si-[ti-su] 
me-e  d[a-  ru-tim] 

65  lu  as-ku-  [un] 


nu-uh-s[a-am  u tu-uh-da-am] 
lu  u-  [ki-in] 
a-na  ni-s[i  si]ppar^' 
r[z-z]5-tam  lu  as-ku-u[n] 

70  a-[.  . . .]-at-ti-.  . [ ] 

. .[ ]-ka-ra-[ ] 

[sa]  a-na  /z^^r^'^samas  b[e-lM]a 
u '^""a-a  be-el-ti-ia 
ta-a-bu  lu  e-pu-us 
75  su-mi  dam-ga-am 

A 'mi  V 

umi  - sa-am 
ki-ma  ilim  za-ka-ra-am 
sa  a-na  da-ar 
la  im-ma-as-su-u 
80  in  pi-i[  n]i-s[i\ 
lu  as-  ku-  un 


TRANSLATION 

^ When  Samas,  ^ the  great  lord  ^ of  heaven  and  earth, 
^ the  king  of  the  gods,  ^ had  joyfully  ^ looked  upon  ® me, 
^ Hammurapi,  ® the  prince,  his  favorite,  with  his  shining  face, 
(when)  he  had  presented  to  me  an  everlasting  kingdom, 
a reign  of  long  time,  (when)  he  has  established  ^'the 
foundation  of  the  land  which,  in  order  to  rule,  he  had 
given  to  me,  (when  he),  with  his  pure  mouth,  which  cannot 
be  altered,  had  given  orders  to  let  live  the  people  of 
Sippar  and  Babylon  in  a peaceful  habitation,  he  truly 
commanded  me  in  a great  fashion  to  make  the  wall  of 
Sippar  (and)  to  lift  its  head. 

At  that  time  have  I,  Hammurapi,  the  mighty  king, 
the  king  of  Babylon,  the  sublime,  the  obedient  (worshipper) 


ARTHUR  UNGNAD — BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  OF  THE  HAMMURAPI  PERIOD  33 

of  Samas,  the  favorite  of  Aya,  who  makes  rejoice  the  heart 
of  Marduk,  his  lord,  I,  with  the  high  strength  that 
Samas  gave  to  me,  by  means  of  the  rising  of  the  folk  of 
my  land,  as  to  the  foundations  of  the  wall  of  Sippar,  in 
clay  like  a great  mountain  1 have  lifted  their  head. 

A great  wall  1 built.  What  since  the  oldest  times  no 
king  among  the  kings  had  made,  to  Samas,  my  lord,  in 
a great  fashion  1 made  for  him. 

That  wall  has  the  name:  By  the  command  of  Samas 
may  Hammurapi  not  have  any  adversaries! 

During  my  splendid  reign  which  Samas  had  pro- 
nounced, Sippar,  the  everlasting  city..[ ],  its  folk 

in . . [ ] to  Samas  truly  [1 ] ; its  canal  truly  1 dug. 

For  [its]  country  ever[lasting]  water  truly  1 procured. 
Riches  [and  abundance]  truly  1 established.  For  the 

people  of  Sippar  the  best  position  1 truly  established.  . . 

[....] [ ] [ ].  [That  which] 

was  pleasant  for  the  heart  of  Samas,  my  lord,  and  of 
Aya,  my  mistress,  truly  1 did. 

My  splendid  name  daily  like  a god  to  be  men- 
tioned who,  for  all  times,  never  will  be  forgotten,  in  the 
mouth  of  the  people  truly  1 have  established. 


34 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


INDEX  OF  PROPER  NAMES 

ABBREVIATIONS 

b.  = brother;  d.  = daughter;  f.  = father;  PN  = personal  name: 
R = receiver;  S = sender;  s.  = son;  si.  = sister. 

Feminine  names  are  indicated  by  i has  been  inserted 
after  z;  k after  k;  s and  5 after  5;  t after  t. 

Names  of  Persons 


Ahaii:  A-ba-ii 

I.  106:  [23(?)],  34 
Ahiiatum:  A-hi-ia-tum 

1 . akil  ispari:  32  : 5,  8 

2.  f.  of  Gimil-Gula:  33:6 

Ahum-ktma-ilim:  A-bu-um-ki-ma- 

AN 

I . 11:13 

Adad-idinnam:  ^^^1  M-i-din-nam 
1 . 86  : 29 

Adad-lu-Ay'  ^’'^IM-lu-pr 
1 . 88:3 

Adi-ili:  A-di-AN 

I.  R:  52  : I,  [4],  7,  1 1 
Agma:  A-gu-ia,  *A-gu-u-a 

1 . R:  9 : I 

2.  *10:13 

Ahu{m)-wakar:  A-hu-um-wa-kar , 
*A-hu-wa-kar 

1 . *11:19 

2.  S:  *12 : 3 

3 . R : *42  : 1 

4-43:7 

Ai-abds-ili:  A-ia-ba-ds-'i-Vi 
I.  S:  70:3 


°Aia-ldmassi:  ^^^a-a-la-ma[-it\ 

1.  34:34 

°Aia-ummi:  a-a-um-m[i] 

1 . 38:22 

Aka  l-ana-M arduk : A-ga-al-a-na- 
““AMAR.UD 
^ I.  S:  33:3 
°Aliiatum:  A-li-ia-tum 

I.  cousin(?)  of  Nardmidni:  55: 

17 

Al{i)-taltmi:  A-l'i~ta-li-mi,  *A-U-ta- 
li-me,  'fA-U-[t]a-[li-mi]{?), 

1.  ti9:24 

2.  s.  of  Bur-Adad:  37:3,  **14 

(i.e.  seal) 

3-  *94:7 

Ammiditana:  Am-mi-di-ta-na 
1 . (sarru) : 75:7 
Ammisaduga:  Am-mi-ia-du-ga 

I . {sarru) : 89  : 45  | 90  : 1 1 | 91 : 
10 

Ana-ilia^'^Gfakldku  : A-na-[t-li-i  a- 
ta-ak-la-ku 
1 . 23:6 


ARTHUR  UNGNAD — BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  OF  THE  HAMMURABI  PERIOD  35 


Ana-M  arduk-takldku:  A-na- 
^^^AMAR.UD-tdk-la-ku 

1 .  36  : 8 

Ana-Sin-takldku:  A-na-^^EN  .ZU- 
tdk-la-ku 
I.  127:27 

Ana-.  . .-takldku:  A-na-idk-la-ku 

(erroneous) 

I.  suhdru  of  Ibkatum:  43:14 
Anna-ili:  An-na-AN 

I . f.  of  IV arad-Sin:  46  A : 3 
(i.e.  seal) 

Ansar {?)-haldti:  A N-SA R {?)-ha  (?)- 
la-ti 
I.  25  : 17 

Anum{?)-hdbil  (or  Ili-hdbil):  AN- 
ha-bil 
I . R:  56:1 

Apil-ilisu:  A-pil-t-U-su,  *A-pil-i- 
lt[-su\,  ][A]-p'il-t-li-su 

1.  R:  *31:1 

2.  muirru:  ^82  : 7 

3.  S:  112:4 
Apil-Istar:  A-pil-lstar 

I . R,  f.  of  {?)IUdni:  58 : 1 
Apil-iaki:  A-pil-^a-ki 

1.  108  : 13,  41 

2.  dl  A.:  113:  13 
Aplatum:  Ap-la-tum 

I . S:  61:2 

[Ardi-Gula  (assyr.):  ARAD-^^Gu-la 
1.  132:2; 

Ardu{m):  Ar-du-um,  *Ar-du 

1 . S:  *71:3 

2.  101:11,21 
Asum{?):  A{?)-su-um 

1. 53:8 

Asigulul:  A-si-gu-lu-iil 
I . R:  19:1 

Askuddnum:  As-ku-da-na-am  (acc.) 

1 . 60:17 


Askudum:  As-ku-dii-um 
I . S : 40  : 3 

Assnr-dsu:  ^^^A . USAR-a-su 
I . S : 49:2 
°Atkalsi:  At-kal-si 
1.  94:33 

AwdV^^SamaL- KA.^^^UDA[K]Ai?)- 

1.  S:  *20:4 

2.  mdru  A.:  45:9 
AwUiia:  A-we-li-ia 

I.  f.  of  AwU-Istar:  lOO'  14 
Awel-lstar:  A-we-il-Istar 

1.  S:  78:3 

2.  tamkaru,  s.  of  Aweliia:  100: 

^4 

Awel-Sin:  A-we-iV^^VN  .ZU 
1 . S : 80:3 
°Babd:  Ba-ba-a 

I.  si.  of  Samas-garri:  5 : 5 
Baginn:  Ba-gi-nu 

1 . mdru  B.:  103:5 
Baltu-kasid:  Ba-al-iii-ka- si-id 
I.  S:  56:3 
Bassi:  Ba-as-si 

^ 63  : 3 _ _ 

BA . SA-Sarratum:  BA . SA-‘"sd-ra- 
turn 

1 . 82  : 9,  12 
Baiiiu:  Ba-(i-^u 
1 . 110:13 
Beid:  Be-e-ia-a 

1 . 14:19 

2.  Idin-Amurriim:  61  : i 
Beldnu{m):  Be-la-nii-iim,  *Be-la-}tu 

1 . R:  39:1 

2.  kalamahhii  Aniinitiim:  *107: 

16 

BHiiatiim:  Be-li-ia-tiim 

1.  s.  of  Daniakiim  {?):  67:13 

2 . 108:40 


36 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


° BUissunu:  Be-li-^u-nu 
I . S : 60:3 

Bel-kdli{?)-[ Be-el-k[a-lWy 

[....]^  . 

I . f.  of  Iltdni:  72  : 19 
Belliti{?):  Be-el-li-ti  (doubtful  if 
proper  name) 

I . s.  of  EU(?) : 83:21 
BUmnu:  Be-el-su-nu 
I.  R:  35:1 

°BiUetum:  Bi-it-te-tum 

I.  si.  of  Ilusu-bdni:  100:  10 
Bunene-gdmil:  *^^bu~ne-ne-ga-mil 
I . R:  34:1 
Bur-Adad:  Bur-^^AM 

.A 

I.  f.  of  Al{i)-talimi:  37  : 15 
(i.e.  seal) 

Damakum{?):  Da-ma-ku-um  (all 
signs  uncertain) 

I.  f.  of  BHiiatum{?):  67:13 
°Dumki-Istar:  Du-um-ki~Istar 
1 . 36:14,  16,  19 
Ea-muballit:  E-a-mu-ba-li-it 
I . S:  21  : 3,  20 

Elt{?):  E-li-i  (uncertain  if  proper 
name) 

I . f.  of  Belliti{?):  83:21 
ElmHum:  El-me-sum 
I . S:  110:3 

Enlil-turam:  En-lil-tu-r[a-a]m 

I . R:  3 : i 

Enltl{?)-[.  . .]:  ^^^E[n-ltl-.  . .](?) 

I . R:  26:1 
Eribam:  E-ri-ba-am 
1 . R : 42  : 2 
°Eristum:  E-ri-is-tum 
1.6:6 

Etel-pi-N abium:  E-tel-K A-^^N a-bi- 
um 

I.  S:  94:3 


°Gemutum  (uncertain,  if  feminine) : 
Ge-mu-tu[m]{?) 

I.  17:  19 

Gimil-Gula:  Gi-mil-^^Gu-la 
I.  s.  of  Abiiatum:  33  : 5 
Gimil-ili:  SU-i-lt 
I . R:  1:2 

Gimillum:  Gi-mil-lum 

1 . 32  : 14,  18 

2.  R:  33  : I 

Gimil-M  arduk:  Gi-mil-^^^  A M AR . 

UD 

I . tupsarru:  89  : 36 
Habil-ahi:  Ha-bil-a-bi 
1 . 95  : 12 

Haburum:  Ha-bu-rum 
I . S : 42  : 5 

Haiab-ili:  Ha-ia-ab-AN 

I . f . of  Imdi-lstar:  49  : 7 
Hammurapi : H a-am-mu-ra-p'i, 
*Ha-am-mu-r[a-pt\,  ^[Ha- 
am]-mu-ra-pi 
I.  ( = 2):  83  : *1,  t7 
[2.  (=1):  133  A : 5,  29,  53] 
Hulatum:  Hu-la-tum 
I . R : 48  : I 

Hunnum:  Hu-un-nu-u[m] 

I.  97:4 

Huidlum:  Hu-^a-lum 

1.  S:  41  :3 

2.  R:  42  : 3 

3.  94:7,  41 

4.  130:31 

Ibi-Enhl:  I-bi-^^^En-lil 

1 . sdkinu:  17:16 

2.  1 16  : 18 

Ibi-  llabrat:  I-bi-^^^N IN  .SUBUR 
I . f . of  Ilusu-bdni:  47  A : 3 
(i.e.  seal) 

Ibi-ilum:  I-bt-t-lum 
I.  S:  I • 1 


ARTHUR  UNGNAD BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  OF  THE  HAMMURABI  PERIOD  37 


' Ihik-ilisu:  SIG-i-U-[su] 

I . f . of  Sumum-Uhsi  and  Labis- 
tum;  his  daughter  men- 
tioned: 1 1 7 : II 
* '1 

Ihi-Sahan:  I-bi-  Sd-ha-an 

I.  S:  75  : 3 
Ibkatum:  Ib-ga-tum 

1.  R:  43  : I 

2.  f.  of  N ardmtdni:  55:3 
Ibku-Anunitum:  Ib-ku-AN-nu-ni- 

tum 

I . S:  103:3 

Ibku-Damu{?):  Ib-ku-^^D[a-mu\{?) 

1 . 10:18 

Ibku-N abium:  Ib-ku-’'’^N a-bi-um 
I.  107  : 14,  27,  29 
Ibku-[...]:  lb-ku-\^^^-\  . .] 

I.  91:37 

Ibni-Adad:  Ib-ni-^^l M 

1.  Nl.SAGi?):  88:2 

2.  b.  of  Sin-rimeni:  90:14, 

25,  30 

3.  R:  112:1 

4.  malahu:  122,  5 
Ibni-Marduk:  Ib-ni-^^UMAR.UD 

1 . R:  112:2 

2.  123  : 18,  21  (?) 

Ibni-Sin:  lb-ni-^^^*'^EN  .ZU,  *Ib-ni- 

^Ib-m-XXX 

1.  S:  *89:3,  36  (supplied  ac- 

cording to  BB  83-83) 

2.  ti02  : 3 

3.  S:  109  : 3 

Ibni-Samas:  Ib-ni-^'^U D 
I.  S:  93  :3 
Iddatum:  Id-da-tum 
I . S:  101:3 

Idin-Amurrum:  I-din-^"'M  AR.TU 
I.  s.  of  Beta:  61  : 5 
Idin-Ea:  I-din-^^^E-a 
I.  107  : 14,  21,  25 


Idin-Ilabrat:  I-din-^^^N I N . SUBUR 
1.  daidnii:  117:19  (probably 
erroneously  instead  of 
Idin-lrra) 

Idin-Irra:  I-din-’'^Ir-ra 

I . daidnii:  117:11,  15  (1.  19 
erroneously  1-din- IN . 
SUBUR) 

Idin-Sin:  I-din-’'^EN  .ZU 

1 . 94:21 

2.  I 1 3 : 14,  20,  23,  26 
Igmil-Sin{?):  Ig-mil-‘^‘^EN.ZU  (all 

signs  uncertain) 

I.  f.  of  Isme-Adad  and  Muhad- 
dum:  119:1 

Ili-asri{?):  I-lt-as(?)-ri[.  .] 

I.  54:11^ 

Ili-atpalam:  I-li-at-pa-lam  * 

1 . R:  4:1 

Ili-bdni:  l-l'i-ba-ni-i 
1 . 11:18 

Ili{?)-darimiim:  A N-da-ri-mu-iim 
1.  R:  21  : 1 

lli-enbam:  I-li-e-ri-ba-am 

1 . R : 2 : 1 

2.  62  : 23 

Ili-idinnam:  1-li-i-din-nam 

I.  s.  of  Sin-bH-aplim:  118:  14, 
16,  21,  24 

Ili-ikisam:  I-Vi-i-ki-sd-am 
1 . 84  : 9,  11 

AN-7nii-[.  . .] 

1 . 10:17 
°IUdni:  Il-ta-ni 

1.  S,  d.  (?)  of  Apil-Istar:  58  : 3 

2.  d.  of  BA-kdli{?)-[.  . .],  tigilti 

Smnas:  72  : 18,  21  (doubt- 
ful) 

Iluni:  1-lu-ni 

1.  samallii:  117:9 

2.  130  : 23,  29 


38 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


Ilusu-abusu:  A N -su-a-bu-su 
I.  R:  45  :1 

llusu-bdni:  AN-su-ba-ni 

1 . S:  19:3 

2.  S,  tamkaru,  s.  of  Ibi-Ilabrai: 

47A  : 2 (i.e.  seal);  B : 3 

3.  99:14 

4.  S,  b.  of  Bittetum:  100,  3 

5.  s.  oi  llusu-ibni{?):  108:15,  17 
llusu-ibni:  AN~su-ib-[ni],  *AN-s[u- 

i]b-ni{?)  (last  signs  uncer- 
tain) 

1.  102  : 13,  33 

2.  f.  of  llusu-bdni:  *108:  15 
Imdi-lstar:  Im-di-lstar 

I.  s.  of  Haiab-ili,  b.(?)  of 
IVarad-Sin:  49:5,  10,  15, 
21 

Imgur-Sin:  Im-gur-^^EN  .ZU 
1. 35:6 

.A 

Ina-Esagila-ier : 1 -na-E-sag-ila- 

ZIR 
1 . 84:12 

Ina-pi-Samas:  I-na-pi-^'^UD 
1 . 26  : 16 

I nnunatiia{?) : In-nu-na-ti-ia  (first 
three  signs  uncertain) 

I . mdrat  1 72  : 8 
Iskur-manse:  M-ma-an-se 

1 . S : 99  : 3 

2.  akil  tamkari:  103:  12 
Isme-Adad: 

I . s.  of  1 gmil-Sin{?),  b.  of 
Muhaddum:  119:1,  17,24 
°Isiar-ekalli:  Isiar-E.GAL-li 

I . S,  wife(?)  of  Nabium-mdlik: 
36  : 2 

°Istar-[.  . .]:  Ista[r-.  . .] 

I.  S;  38:3 
I^irum:  1-ii-rum 
1 . 95  : 28 


lakburum:  la-ak-bu-ri-im  (gen.) 

1.  127:23 

lasi-ili,  lasili:  la-si-AN, 

I . mdrdt  I:  *46  B : 4,  7 | 47 
B :4,  14 

°Kakd:  Ka-ka-a 
1 . R:  51:1 
Ka[.  . .]:  Ka-[.  . .] 

1 . R:  50:1 

Kubburum:  Ku-ub-bu-rum 

1 . 81:7,  II 

2.  82  : 1,  20 

Ku-Innanna:  AZAG-^^^^*AN- 
NANNA 

1 . nuhatimmu:  15:4 
°Kukuia:  Ku-ku-ia 
1 . R:  36  : 1 

°KuttuUu:  Ku-ut-tu-ut-ta  (acc.) 

1 . 120  : 6 

Labistum:  La-bi-is-tum,  *La-b[i-i]s- 
{?)-tum 

1 . galldbu:  100  : 19,  24 

2.  s.  of  Ibik-ilisu,  b.  of  Sumum- 

libsi:  *117:13 

°Ldmassdni:  La-ma-^a-ni,  ^La-ma- 
ia-na{?) 

1.  *83  :7(?) 

2.  S:  105:3  I [106  : 3] 

°Ldmassi:  La-ma-si-i{-ma) 

I.  S:  57:3 

Ltser-Sippar:  Li-se-ir-UD . KI B . 
NUN.Kl 
i-  37:4 

Lu-Asari(?):  LIG-LU- 

V ^ 

[SAR]  (uncertain) 

I . f.  of  Sin-idinnam:  97:15 
Lu-Enlilla:  En-lil-[ld] 

1 . R:  15:1 
Lugd:  Lu-ga-a 

1 . R:  5:1  I 6 : I | 7 : i | 8 : i 


ARTHUR  UNGNAD — BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  OF  THE  HAMMURABI  PERIOD  39 


Lugatum:  Lu-ga-tum 
I.  7:5,  22 
Lu-N  ingunanna{?) : 

gun-an]-na  (uncertain) 

I . S:  26:2 

Lustamar:  Lu-us-ta-mar 

1 . R : 46  A : I ; B : i [ 47  A : i ; 

B ; I 

2.  S:  48:3 
3-  59:15 

Malltlum:  M a-al-li-i-li-im  (gen.) 

I.  R:  23  ; I,  8 

Marduk-ldmassasu:  ^^^AMAR.UD- 
la-ma-ia-su 
I . S : 98:3 

Marduk-muballit:  ^^^AMAR.UD- 
mu-ha-U-it 

1 . 69:8 

2.  76  : 14,  18 

3.  kalamahhu{?) : 93  : 36 

4.  awelu,  abi  ummdni:  108:28 
Marduk-musallim:  ^^^AMAR.UD- 

mii-sd-lim 
I . awelu:  130:  18 

Marduk-mu[.  . ^^'^AMAR.UD- 
mu-[.  . .] 

I . S:  81:3 

Marduk-ndsir:  ^^^*AMAR.  UD-na- 

si-ir 

I.  S:  32:3 

M arduk-nisu:  '^“AMAR.  UD-ni-su 

I . 36:18 

Mdr-irsitim:  TUR-Kl 
!.  48:5 

Mdr-Purattim:  TUR-^°’'  KI B.NUN. 
KI  (erroneous) 

1 . 83  : 2 

°Mirsiia:  Mi-ir-si-ia 
I . R:  51:1 

Muhaddum:  Mu-ha-ad-du-um 

I . s.  of  1 gmil-Sin{?) , b.  of  Isme- 
Adad:  1 19  : 13,  21 


Nabi-llabrat:  Na-bid^^NIN . SUB  UR 
I.  sangu  Anunitum:  117  : 17, 
22,  26 

N abi-ilisu:  N a-bi-i-li-lu 
1. 78:4 

N abium-gamil:  ' "na-bi-um-ga-mil 

N abium-ibni:  ’^’*na~bi-uni-ib-ni 
I . 80:4 

Nabium-mdlik:  *^^7ta-bi-iim-ma-lik 
I.  husband(?)  of  Istar-ekalli: 
36:5 

N abinm-nisu:  ''“na-bi-um-ni-su 

I.  R,  b.  of(?)  Sin-rimeni:  44:  i 
N abium-seme{?) : *^^7ta-bi-imi-s[e-\e- 

me  (not  quite  certain) 

I.  94:35 

Na'imu:  Na-i-mii 
1 . 42  : 29 

N anna-manse:  . Kl-ma- 

a[77-se] 

I . awelu:  129:  18 

Na^ina-salasir:  . Kl-sd-ld- 

sir 

I . S:  9:2 

Nard^n-ilisu:  N a-r[a-am]-i-li-su 
1.  b.  of  Sa{?)-Nand:  24  : 6 
Nard^n-Sm:  Na-ra-am-^'‘EN  .ZU 
I.  S:  6:3 

°Nard77il»dni:  Na-ra-am-ta-ni 

I.  S:  d.  of  Ibkatum,  cousin(?) 
of  Aliiatum:  53:3 
Na[.  . .]:  Na-[.  . .] 

1 . 81:9,  12 
Ninnua:  N i-in-nu-u-a 
1 . 22:16 

°Nisi-hiih(:  Mi-U-i-ni  -h'(,  *[A’/-5/- 
i]-ni-su(?) 

1 . R:  *14  : I (?) 

2.  S:  39:4 

3.  R:  40 : I 141:1 


40 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM 


BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


Nur-Adad:  Nu-ur-^I[M] 

I.  S:  79  :3 

Nuratum:  Nu-ra-tum 

1.53-9 

Nur-Ilahrat:  Nu-ur-^^^N I N .S U B U R 
1 . 17:18 

Nur-Kahta:  N ti-ur-K a-ah-ta 
I.  R:  57:1 

Nurum-liA:  Nu-rum-li-A 
j.  129:  5,  14 

Rts-Suhula:  Ri-is-^''[S\u-bu-la 
I . S:  52  : 2 
^Sahitum:  Za-bi-tum 
I . R:  97:1 

Sag-Enlilla:  En-lil-ld 

I.  17:5 

Sagila-manse:  Sag-ila-ma-an-se 
I . R:  32 : I 

Sin-asarid:  ^^^'EN  .ZU-a-sd~ri-id 

1.  31:7 

2.  S:  53:3  I 54:3 
Sinatum:  Si-na-fum 

I.  R:  53  : I 

Sin-bM-aplim:  *^^EN  .ZU-be~el-ap- 
lim 

I.  f.  of  lli-idinnam:  Ii8:[i4], 
16,  21 

Sin-bel-dumkija:  ^^^EN  .ZU-be-el- 

du-um-ki-ia 
1 . 66:28 

Sin-bel-[.  . .]:  ^^^EN .ZU-be-e[l- . . .] 

1 . 69:6 

2.  81:6 

Sin-idinnam:  ^^^EN  .ZU-i-din-nam 

1.  3:8 

2.  S:  95:3  I 96 : 3 

3.  s.  of  Lu-Asari{?):  97:3,  13 

(i.e.  seal) 

Sin-iktsam:  ^^^EN  .ZU-i-ki-sd-am 
1.  awelu,  tupsarru:  112:5 


Sin-imguranni:  ^^^^EN  .ZU-im-gur- 

an-ni 

1 . 69:3 

2.  awUu:  107:  13,  18,  32(?) 

Sin-isme  anni  .ZU-is-me-a-ni 

* X X X-is-me-a-ni 
1 R:  13  : 1 
2,  rakbu:  88  : 7 
3. 94:8 

4.  tupsarru{?):  98:17 

5 . *108:40 

6.  deku{?):  118:  18,  28 
Sin-magir:  ^^^EN  .ZU-ma-gir 

1.  S:  51:3 

Sin-mem,  read  Sin-rimeni 
Sin-nddin-ahhi:  ^^^EN  .ZU-na-d[i- 
i]n-ah-hi 
I . S : 90:3 

Sin-nddin-sumi:  ^^^EN  .ZU-na-di- 

in-su-mi 

I . S : 9 1 : 3 I 92  : 3 
Sin-putram:  ^^^EN . Z U-pu-ut-ra-am 
I-  8:  7:3 

Sin-rimeni:  ^^^EN . Z U-ri-me-ni, 
*^^^EN  .ZU-me-ni  (errone- 
ous) 

1.  19:5(?) 

2.  S:  43:3  I 45:3  I 46  8:3 

3.  S,  b.  of(?)  N abium-ntsu:  44:3 

4.  R:  54:1 

5.  *75  : 9 

6.  b.  of  Ibni-Adad:  90:  13,  22, 

23,  26,  34 

Sin-semi:  ^^^EN  .ZU-se-mi 

1 . 69:22 

Sin-tappi-wMim{?) : ^^^EN  .ZU-tap- 
p[t-we-di-im]  (uncertain) 

1.  S:  16  : 3(?) 

Sin-uballissu{?) : ^^^EN  .ZU-u-ba-a  - 
li-is  {-{u  omitted) 

1 . 94:19 


ARTHUR  UNGNAD — BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  OF  THE  HAMMURABI  PERIOD  4I 


Sin-[.  . .]-age:  .ZU-[.  . .]-a-gi-e 

I.  131  ;3 

Sin-[.  . ^^^EN.ZU-l.  . .] 

I.  S:  17:3 

Silliia:  Si-il-li-ia 

I . mar  at  S:  125  : 1 8,  25 

°Salurtum:  Sd-lu-ur-[tum] 

I.  R:  15  : 15 

V 

Salurum:  Sd-lu-ru-um 
I.  S:  27:3 

Samas-asaridi?):  '‘‘‘UD-a-[sd-r]i-[id] 
(uncertain) 

I.  S:  73  :3(?) 

Samas-haldti:  \^^U]D-T[I . L]A-ti 
I.  R:  b.  of(?)  Samas-ktnam- 

idi:  1 1 : I 

Samas-bdni:  ^^^UD-ba-n[i]  {ni 

doubtful) 

I . R : 80  ; I 

Samas-enlil-ili  : ^^^UDd^^E[n-lil-i-li\ 
(uncertain) 

I . Subaru:  35:19 

Samas-epiri:  D-e-pi-ri 

I.  51:8 

Samas-garri:  UD-ga-ar-ri 

I . S,  b.  of  Baba:  5 : 3 

Samas-ktnam-idi : ^ U D-k i-nam-i-d i 
I.  S,  b.  of(?)  Samas-ba  dti: 
11:3 

Samas-manni:  ^ UD-ma-an-nt 
(scarcely  ^^^UD-ma-AN-ni 
= Samasma-iluni) 

Samas-nasir:  ‘‘“UD-na-sir 
I.  S:  31:3 

Samas-nisu:  ^^^UD-ni-su 
I.  S:  4:3 

Samsatum,  read  Utatum 

Samsiia:  Sd-am-si-ia 
I.  R:  55  : I 

°Sa-Nand(?):  [SWy'^Na-na-a 
I.  si.  of  Nardm-ilisu:  24:6 


Sarrum-imn[i . . LUCA L-im-n[i- 

{?)■■■] 

1 . 10:15 

v V'  v . . 

Sa-Samas-damka:  Sd-^^U D-dam-ga 

I.  S:_34:3_ 

Sep-Ea:  Se-ip-E-a 

I . nuhatimmu:  15:6 

V'  ^ . V' 

Subula-ndnr:  ^ Su-bu-la-na-si-ir 
1 . 129,  10,  20  : 2 1 

V"  ^ V 

Sumum-libsi:  Su-mu-um-li-ib-si 

1 . S : 108:3 

2.  s.  of  Ibik-ilisu,  b.  of  Labis- 

tum{?):  117:  13 

V v 

Sumum-liA:  Su-mu-um-li-si 
I . S : 68:3 

V’  v 

Sunuma-ili:  Su-nu-ma-AN 
I . S : 66  : 3 I 67  : 3 
r adin-Niinu:  T a-di-in-N u-nu 
I . R:  39  : 2 

Taribatum:  Ta-ri-ba-tum 
I.  S:  3:3,  13(?) 

Tarth-Sini?):  T Ehl . Z]U 

(uncertain) 

I . S:  111:3 

Taribum:  *Ta-ri-bu-um,  Ta-ri-bu 

1 . S : *2:3 

2.  88:1 

3.  tupsarru{?):  91  : 36(?),  40 

4.  mar  T.:  91  : 38 

T utu-ndsir:  T ii-tu-na-si-ir 

1 . 113:10,  16,  26 
Ubdr-Lulu:  U-bar-Ln-lu 
I.  7 :8,  21 

Ubdr-Nunu:  L-bar-Nii-mi 
1 . 68:24 

Ubdr-Samas:  U-bar-^^L D 

1-45:4 

U gni-Antiim{?) : L g{?)-ni-An-iiim 
I.  37:9 

Ur-Sidpae:  UrA^^^^^SUL . PA . L D . 
DU 

I.  S:  15:3.  17 


42 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


U r-Su^ianna : U r-^^^^^’'Su-ii-an-na 
I.  S:  13:3 

U5[...]:  Us-[...] 

1 . 10:16 

^ V 

Utatum:  U-ta-tum  (scarcely  Sam- 
sd~tum) 

I . S : 104:3 

IVarad-essesim:  ARAD-AB . AB 
I.  125:37 

Warad-Marduk:  ARAD^^^AMAR. 
UD 

1 . 63:6,  7 

IVarad-Stn:  ARAD-^^^EN  .ZU 

1.  s.  of  Anna-ili:  46  A : 2 

(i.e.  seal) 

2.  R:  b.  of(?)  Imdi-lstar:  49: 

I,  12 

lVarad-[.  . .]:  ARADk^^[.  . .] 

I.  125  :39 

[.  . .]- amhut-sul{?) : [.  . .]-am-hu- 

ut-su-ul  (every  sign  doubt- 
ful) 

1 . S:  10:2 


[ . . . ]-beli:  [ . . . ]-be-lt 
I . S:  8:4 

[.  . .]-Enlil:  [.  . .]-^^En-lil 
I . R:  8 : 2 

[ . . . ]-his:  [ . . . ]-e-ri-is 
I . kudimmu:  44  : 8 
[.  . [.  . (doubtful) 

I . tups  arm:  104  : 14 
[.  . .]mia:  [.  . .]-mi-a 
I.  S:  17:3 

[ . . . ]-muballit:  [ . . . ]-m[u-b]a-l[i-i\t 
(doubtful) 

I . S : 76:3 

[.  . .]-ndnr:  [.  . .-n]a-s[i-ir] 

1 . S:  24:3 

[.  . .ySin:  [.  . .y^^EN.ZU 
I . S:  65:3 
[.  . .ytalimi:  [.  . 

1.  130:32 

[.  . .]-tum:  [.  . .]-tum 

1.  S:  14:3 

2.  R:  1 7 : I (?) 

[.  . . .]um:  [.  . . .]-um 

I . R:  65 : i 


Names  of  Cities,  Gates,  Nations,  Rivers,  Temples,  etc. 


Al-Apil-iaki:  ERI-A-pil-^a-ki 
113:13 

Al-Guenna:  ERl-Gu-en-na 
16  : 7 

Amnanum:  v.  Sippar 
Bdb-ilt:  KA-DINGIR.RA^'^ 

16:6,  12  I 44 : 6(?)  I 52  : 8 I 61  : 
10  I 76:11  I 77:29  I 81 : 
14  I 89:9,  12,  39  I 95  • 53  I 
1 00 : 29  I 1 08 : 1 9 I 110:10 
I 111  : 26  I 114:19!  119:28 
I 125  : 9,  22,  34  I 126 : 9 I 
131 :8  I [133  A:  18,  31 ; B 18] 
Basu:  Ba-^i 
130:30 


Dimtu:  AN.ZA.KAR^^ 

7-5 

Duru:  BAD^^^ 

4:7  ^ 

Ebarra:  E.UD.RA 
97:15  (i.e.  seal) 

Elammu:  IM 

86  : 1 1 

Esagila:  E .SAG . 1 LA 

89  : 35;  V.  PN  Sagila-manse, 
Ina-Esagila-ier 

Gdgum:  ^’^ga-gi-a,  *^^^gd-ge-a,  ]gd- 
ge-a,  *^gd-gi-a 

72  : 3,  5,  20,  24,  28,  30  I *83  : 
20  I 185 : 2 I **125:26 


ARTHUR  UNGNAD — BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  OF  THE  HAMMURABI  PERIOD  43 


Hiritum:  Hi-ri-t[um.  . .] 

59:9 

In-kibti-Samas-Hammurapi-mdhiri- 
ai-irsi:  In-ki-bi-it-^^UD- 

Ha  - am-mu-ra-pi-ma-hi  - ri- 
a-ir-si  (wall  of  Sippar) 

133  : 52  fT. 

Isin:  Ni-si-in'“ 

22  : io(?)  I 32  ; 6 
lahrurum,  v.  Sippar 


Puraitu:  v.  PN  Mdr-Puraiiim 
Sagila:  v.  Esagila 

Sippar:  UD . KI B . N UN . KI ; v. 


PN  Liser-Sippar 


32:9 

1 37 

: 12  1 

49: 

1 1 1 

6 1 

75  : I 

2 79  : 10  1 83 

00 

-1  \ 

102 

: 5> 

13  1 1 

16 

108 : 

10  I 

113: 

: 17  1 1 

14  1 

125 

: 13. 

22  1 

[133 

17,  23,  41,  58,  68;  B : 17, 


Kdr-Samas:  KAR-^^^UD 
72  : 1 1 

TyT  vv  A A 1 jy  / V V * * 

Kassu:  sab  Ka-as-si-i 
94:10 

Kibalmasi?):  Ki-bal-md[s . . .] 
83:3 

Kit:  KIS.KI 
127:  13 

Kutu:  TIG.GAB.A'‘‘ 

112:6 

Lubdi:  Lu-ub-di 

29:7 

Nippur:  EN  .LIL.KI 

7:16,  19  I 14  : 4 I 27  : 29 

Nukili?):  Nu-kiP^ 

101:11;  cf.  77,  15 


4'] 

2.  Sippar- Amnanum  (U D . 

K I B . N U N . K I -Am-na- 
nu-u[m]):  Sg  : 4 

3.  Sippar- A nuniium  {L  D . 

KIB.NUN.  KI-AN-nu-ni- 
ium):  100  : 15 

4.  Sippar-I ahrurum  {UD. 

KIB.NUN  .Kl-Ia-ah-ru- 
rum):  90:15 

V ^ V ^ . 

vS iiullum : S i-tu-iil-liim 

34:32 

Zabalum  saplii:  Za-ba-lu[m]{?) 
K1{?).TA 
72  : 10 


Names  of  Gods 


Adad:  (cf.  Iskur) 

1 . 61  : 4 I 1 19  : 30 

2.  PN : A dad-id  innam,  -lu-ptr; 

Bur-,  Ibni-,  Isme-,  Nur- 
Adad 

°Aia:  ^^^A-a 

1.  90:18,27  [i33A:33,  73;  8:33] 

2.  PN : °Aia-ldmassi,  °Aia- 

ummi 

Amurrum:  ^^^^MAR.TU 

1 . 46  A : 4 (i.e.  seal) 

2.  PN : Idin-Amurrum 


Ansar{?):  AN  .SAR{?) 

I.  PN : .4mar-baldii{?) 
°Anium:  An-tum 

1.  PN  : U gni-.4utu}u{?) 

Anum:  AN 

1.  PN : A}iu}u{?)-hdbil 
°Anunitiim:  AN-nu-ui-tuni. 

nu-ni-tiim , i.4 nu-ni-'um 
(erroneousl\'?) 

1.  71:1  I 101:18  *107:16 

117:  17,  22,  t26 

2.  PN : Ibku-Aniinitiim 


44 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


A sari:  . LU  .SAR 

I.  PN:  Lu-Asari 
As{s)ur:  ^^^A.USAR 

1 . 49  : 3 

2.  PN:  Assur-asu 
BUti-ili:  ''^^Be-el-ti-i-U 

1 . 15:18 

Bunene:  Bu-ne-ne 

I.  PN:  Bunene-gdmil 
Damn:  Da-mu 

1.  23:4 

2.  PN : lhku-Damu{?) 

Ea:  E-a,  *^^^E-a  (cf.  Enki) 

I.  PN:  Ea-muhallit,  *Idin-Ea, 
Sep-Ea 

Enki: 

1 . 27  : 5,  22 
Enlil:  ^^^En-hl 

1.  2 :4  I 6 :4  I 7 :4  I [8  : 5]  | 12  : 

4116:4!  18:4!  26:3  I 
27:5 

2.  PN : Enlil-turam,  Enlil-[.  . .], 

Ibi-Enlil,  Lu-Enlilla,  Sag- 
Enlilla,  [.  . .]-Enlil 
°Gula:  ^^^Gu-la 

1.  23  :4 

2.  PN : [Ardi-Gula],  Gimil-Gula 
llahrat:  ^^^NIN.SUBUR 

1 . 47  A : 4 (i.e.  seal) 

2.  PN : Ibi-,  Idin-,  Nabi-,  Nur- 

Ilabrat 

°lnnanna:  INN  ANN  A 

1.  17:34 

2.  PN : Ku-Innanna 
Irra:  ^^""Ir-ra 

I . PN : Idin- Irra 
Iskur:  (cf.  Adad) 

I . PN : Iskur-manse 
°Istar:  Isiar 

1 . 62  : 20 

2.  PN : °Istar-ekalli,  °Istar- 

[...];  Apil-,  Awel-,  °Dum- 
ki-,  Imdi-Istar 


Kabta:  Ka-ab-ta 

I . PN : Nur-Kabta 
Lugal-dua^agga:  Lugal-duiTj-aiag-ga 
I.  4:4 
Lulu:  Lu-lu 

I . PN : Ubar-Lulu 
Marduk:  ^^^^AMAR.UD 


I :4 

1 32  :4 

1 33 : 4 1 34:4 

1 35 

:4  1 36 

:3  1 

40:4 1 

41  : 

4 1 

42  : 6 1 . 

49  : 

3 1 [50: 

4]  ! 

54: 

4 1 56  : : 

> 1 57:4  1 6 

" -3 

66 

■.4,  10 

1 67 

^ : 4.  9 1 

68: 

4 

1 69  : I , 

4 1 

70:4  1 

73  : 

4(?) 

1 75  : 1 

. 4. 

7 1 76 

: 4], 

9 1 77:[i.  4I 

, 10 

1 78:20 

(?)  1 

19- 

4 1 81  : 

4 1 

84  : I 1 

85: 

6 1 

87  : 12  1 

89 

:35  1 90:4, 

10  1 

91  : I,  . 

P 9 

1 92  : 1 

> 4 1 

93  : 

1. 4 [9] 

1 94  : 4. 

' 6 1 

95  : 

4,  10 1 

96  : 

4,  10  1 

98 : 

4>  9 

1 99  • 4> 

, 10 

1 100  : 

4>  9 

10 

I : 4,  9 ! 

107:  [1,4]. 

10  1 

108 

: I,  4,  9 

1 

39:4 1 

1 10: 

[4]  1 

III  : I ; 

. 4 

1 ['<3: 

9]  1 

114 

:5(?)  1 

1 19 

: 29  1 122  : 1 1 

[133 

A :35; 

B : 

35] 

2.  PN  : Marduk-ldmas sasu, 
-muballit,  -musallim,  -mu- 
[.  . .],  -ndsir,  -msu;  Ana- 
Mar  duk-takldku,  Akdl-ana- 
Marduk;  Gimil-,  Ibni-, 
IV arad-M  arduk 
Nabium:  ^^^Na-bi-um 

I . PN : N abium-gdmil,  -ibni, 
-mdlik,-msu,-seme{?) ; Etel- 
pi-,  Ibku-Nabium 
°Nand:  ^^^Na-na-a 
I.  °Sa{?)-Nand 
Nanna{r):  . KI 

I . PN : N anna-manse , -salasir 
Nergal:  ^^^N E .UNU .GAL 
1.  3 :4  I 1 1 : 5 1 65  ;4 


ARTHUR  UNGNAD — BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  OF  THE  HAMMURABI  PERIOD  45 


°Ningunanna : in-gun-an-na 

I.  PN : Lu-N ingunanna{?) 
NIN.IB 

[*^^^BAR] 

1.  2:417:4  I [8:5]  I 12:4  1 16: 
4 I 18  : [4]  I 24 : 4 I 26 : 3 I 
27  : 5,  22  I [*i 32  : 1 1] 

°N inkarrand:  ^^^Nin-kar-ra-AG- 
{ = nd) 

1 . 98:13 

I.  17:34 

Nin-PlS.BAR.BAR 
I.  [132  : 10]  . 

Nunu:  Nu-nu 

I.  PN:  Tadin-Nunu,  Uhar- 
Nunu 
Silulu{?): 

1 . 28:4  (i.e.  seal) 

Sin:  ^^^EN.ZU,  *XXX 

1 . 53:4!  120  ; 10,  12 

2.  PN : Sin-asarid,  -hel-apUm, 

-bH  dumkiia,  -hU-[.  . .], 
-idinnam,  -iktsam,  -imgur- 
anni,  -ismeannP,  -magir, 
-nddin-ahhi,  -nddin-sumi, 
-putram,  -rtmeni,  -semi, 
-tappi-we-dim{?) , -uhallissu 
{?),  -[.  . .]  age;  Ana-Sin- 
takldku;  Awel-,  Ihni*-, 
Idin-,  lgmil{?)-,  Imgur-, 
Nardm-,  Tar'ihi?)-,  IVarad- 
Sin,  [.  . .]-Sin 
Sahan:  ^^^Sd-ha-an 
I . PN : Ihi-Sahan 
Samas: 

1.  3 :4  I 4:4  1 5 : 4 I 15  : 23  I 
19:4  I 21  :4  I 24:4(?)  1 31  : 
4 I 32:4  1 33:4  I 34-4  I 


35:4  1 

36 

: 3 1 40 : 4 1 4 1 : 4 

1 42 : 6 

1 49  : 3 1 50 

:4  i 51  : 

4 1 [52 

:3] 

1 53:4  ! 

54:4  1 

56: 5 1 

57 

: 4 1 61  : 

3 1 66 : 

4 : 10  1 

67 

'■A  9 1 

68:4  1 

69:4 1 

70 

: 4 1 72  : 

18  1 73: 

4,  5 1 75  : 4.  7 1 76 

: [4I.  9 1 

[77 : 4. 

10] 

1 78:20 

1 79:4 

81:4 

1 8= 

1 : 1 , 6,  9, 

10,  16 

90:4, 

10, 

18,  i-j  1 

91  :4,  9 

1 92:4 

I93 

: 4,  9 1 94 : 4,  6 1 

95:4,  1 

[0  1 

96:4,  10 

1 98 : 4, 

9 1 99 

■4> 

1 0 1 100 

':4.  9 ! 

lOI  ‘.4, 

9 

1 107  .-[4].  10  1 

A 

00 

0 

9 1 

109:4  ; 

110:4 

1 111:4 

[n3-9]  : 

114:  5 

1 119:2 

:5  1 

120 : 8 1 

23:15! 

[133  A:i,  32,  38,  49,  52,  57, 
61,  72:  B : 38] 

2.  PN : Samas-asarid{?),  -ba- 
Idti,  -bdni,  -enlil-ili{?), 
-epiri,  -garri,.  -ktnam-idi, 
-rnanni , -ndsir,  -nisu; 
Aw  at-,  Ibni-,  Ina-pi-, 
Kdr-Samas  (city),  Sa- 
Samas-damka,  Ubar-Samas 
°Sarratum:  ^^"^sd-ra-ium,  *'^'^sd-ra- 
tim  (gen.) 

1 . *82  : 1 4 

2.  PN : BA.SA-Sarratiim 
Siibula:  ^^^^Sii-bu-la 

1 . PN : Snbida-ndGir,  Ris-Sn- 
bida 

Sidpae:  ^^"'^^''SuI-pa-UD . DU 

I . PN : Ur-Sidpae 
Siqianna:  ^*”^‘’'Su-^i-au-na 

1 . PN  : Ur-Suiianna 
Tidii:  '^""Tu-iu 

I.  PN : Tutu-ndAr 


46 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


LIST  OF  TABLETS 

ABBREVIATIONS 

(found  at)  Nippur;  C. ^.5  = Catalogue  of  the  Babylonian  Sec- 
tion; K¥  = i\rsi  Khabaza  Collection;  = second  Khabaza  Collection; 


J.D.P  = 

J-  D 

. Prince  Collection; 

J-s 

= Joseph  Shemtob  Collection; 

H = 

time  of 

Hammurapi;  5z  = timie 

of  Sam.suiluna;  Ae  = 

--  time 

of 

Abi-esuh; 

Ad  = X.\m^  of 

Ammdditana;  As  = 

time  of  Ammisaduga; 

Ab  = time  of  Asur- 

banipal ; 

* = 

dated;  j = photographed. 

Text 

Plate 

Addressed  to 

Sent  by 

Time 

Collection 

C.  B.S. 

ti 

I 

Gimil-ili 

Ibi-ilum 

j before  \ 
H { 

N 

4711 

2 

I 

Ili-enham 

T arthum 

H 

N 

4706 

3 

II 

Enlil-turam 

Taribatum 

H 

N 

4709 

4 

III 

Ili-atpalam 

Samas-nisii 

H 

N 

4710 

5 

IV 

Lugd 

Samas-garri 

H 

N 

4726 

6 

IV 

( ( 

N ardm-Sin 

H 

N 

4717 

7 

V 

( i 

Sin-putram 

H 

N 

4716 

8 

VI 

( { 

[ . . . . ]-Enlil  u [ 

] h 

N 

4714 

9 

VI 

Aguia 

N anna- s ala  sir 

St 

N 

4703 

10 

VII 

[ ] 

[.  .]^mhut-sul{?) 

Si 

N 

4708 

1 1 

VIII 

Samas-haldti{?) 

Samas-ktnam-idi 

Si 

N 

4704 

12 

IX 

ana  ahiia 

A hu-wakar 

Si 

N 

3375 

13 

IX 

Sin-ilme  anni 

Ur-Suiianna 

Si 

N 

4725 

14 

X 

YNisi-ilnisui?) 

[.  . . 

Si 

N 

4707 

15 

XI 

Lu-Enlil[la\ 

Ur-Sulpae 

Si 

N 

3780 

i6 

XII 

[ ] 

Sin-taplpi-wMim]  {?) 

St 

N 

4712 

17 

XIII 

[ . . . . ]tum 

[ . . u Sin-[. . . . 

] Si 

N 

4713 

i8 

XIV 

[ ] 

[ ] 

Si 

N 

3977 

19 

XIV 

Asigulul 

Ilusu-bdni 

Si 

N 

4723 

20 

XV 

[ ]ul ] 

Awdt-Samas{?) 

Si 

N 

4705 

21 

XV 

Ili-darimum{?) 

[Ea]-muballit 

Si 

N 

4722 

22 

XVI 

[ ) 

i ] 

Si 

N 

4715 

23 

XVI 

Mallilum 

Samas-manni 

Si 

N 

4721 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

32 

33 

34 

35 

36 

37 

38 

39 

40 

41 

42 

43 

44 

45 

-46 

^47 

48 

49 

50 

^51 

52 

53 

54 

55 

56 

57 

58 

59 

6o 

61 


ARTHUR  UNGNAD — BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  OF  THE  HAMMURABI  PERIOD 


^7 


Plate 

Addressed  to 

Sent  by 

Time  Collection 

C.  B.S. 

XVII 

[ ] 

[.  . .]-ndsi[r] 

Si 

N 

4720 

XVII 

[ ] 

[ 1 

Si 

N 

4719 

XVIII 

E[nUl-.  . . .](?) 

Lii-[N  ingnnan]na{?) 

Si 

N 

4724 

XIX 

ana  ahiia 

Salunim 

Si 

N 

12527 

XX 

ana  awUim 

Ae 

N 

4727 

XX 

[ana  heliia]{?) 

[ ] 

? 

N 

\ 

4718 

XXI 

[ana  heliia]{?) 

[ ] 

j beiore 

1 H 

> KR 

718 

XXI 

Apil-ilisii 

V 

Samas-ndAr 

H 

Klf- 

1387 

XXII 

Sagila-manse 

Marditk-ndAr 

H 

KE- 

1334 

XXIII 

Gimillum 

A kdl-ana-M  arduk 

H 

KE 

1 366 

XXIV 

Bunene-gdmil 

V V 

Sa-Samas-damka 

H 

KE 

463 

XXIV 

BHsunu 

N abium-gdinil 

H 

KE 

662 

XXV 

Kukma 

Istar-ekalli 

H 

KE 

I 193 

XXVI 

Al{i)-taltmi{?) 

Liser-Sippar{?) 

J.S 

87 

XXVI 

[ ] 

Istar-[ . . . .] 

H 

KE 

1492 

XXVII 

Beldnum 

T adin-N  unit 

H 

KE 

720 

XXVIII 

Nin-inisu 

Askiidiim 

H 

J.D.P 

1795 

XXIX 

i i 

Hiildlnm 

H 

J.D.P 

1809 

XXX 

Ahu-wakar,  Eriham  u 

Hiildlum 

Habiiriim 

H 

KE 

1390 

XXXI 

Ibkatum 

Sin-rimeni 

Si 

KE 

1280 

XXXI 

N abium-nisu 

( ( 

Si 

KE 

542 

XXXII 

Ihisu-abusu 

( ( 

Si 

KE 

1377 

XXXIII 

Lustamar 

( i 

Si 

J.D.P 

1805 

XXXIV 

( ( 

Ilusu-bdni 

Si 

J.D.P 

1808 

XXXV 

Hulatum 

Lustamar 

Si 

KE 

417 

XXXV 

IVarad-Sin 

Assiir-asu 

Si 

KE 

I 326 

XXXV 

Kal....] 

[ ] 

Si 

KE 

4427 

XXXVI 

Kakd  u Mirsim 

Sin-magir 

Si 

KE 

396 

XXXVI 

Adi-ili 

Ris-Siibida 

Si 

KE 

1555 

XXXVII 

Sinatum 

Sin-asarid 

Si 

KE 

423 

XXXVIII 

Sin-rimeni 

i ( 

Si 

f.s 

169 

XXXIX 

V 

Samsiia 

N ardmtdni 

Si 

KE 

•371 

XL 

Anum-hdbil{?) 

BaUii-kasid 

Si 

KE 

1 189 

XL 

Niir-Kabta 

Ldmassi 

Si 

KE 

1 142 

XLI 

Apil-lstar 

Iltdni 

Si 

KE 

351 

XLI 

[ ] 

\ 1 

Si 

KE 

1 706 

XLII 

ana  abim 

BA  is  sunn 

Si 

J.D.P 

1807 

XLIII 

BaA 

Aplatiim 

St 

KE 

1 144 

UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


48 


Text 

Plate 

Addressed  to 

Sent  by 

Time 

Collection 

C.  B.S. 

62 

XLIV 

[ana  beliia\{?) 

[ ] 

Si 

Kh^ 

1659 

63 

XLV 

ana  heliia 

Bassi 

Si 

K¥ 

425 

64 

XLV 

[ ] 

[ ] 

Si 

Kh^ 

4429 

65 

XLV 

[ ]um 

[ . . . ]-Sin 

Si 

Kh^ 

4457 

66 

XLVI 

ana  awUim 

Sunuma-ili 

Ae 

Kh^ 

1249 

67 

XLVIl 

[ ] 

1 1 

Ae 

Kh^ 

1319 

68 

XLVIII 

ana  awelim 

Sumum-Usi 

Ae 

K¥ 

1328 

69 

XLIX 

a 

Sin-imguranni 

Ae 

K¥ 

477 

70 

L 

ana  sapiriia 

Ai-abds-ili 

Ae 

J-S 

172 

71 

L 

ana  ahiia 

Ardu 

Ae 

Kh^ 

4475 

72 

LI 

[ana  beliia\{?) 

[ ] 

Ae 

Kh^ 

1614 

73 

LII 

{ ] 

Samas-asarid 

Ae 

J.S 

139 

74 

LII 

[ ] 

[ ] 

Ae 

K¥ 

1495 

75 

LII 

ana  awelim 

Ibi-Sahan 

*Ad 

Kh^ 

361 

76 

LIII 

n a 

[.  . .]-muballit{?) 

Ad 

Kh^ 

1379 

77 

LIV 

[“  “ ](?) 

[ ] 

Ad 

Kh^ 

1573 

78 

LV 

ana  beliia 

Awel-Istar 

Ad 

Kh'^ 

1247 

79 

LVI 

ana  abiia 

Nur-Adad{?) 

Ad 

Kh^ 

1604 

80 

LVI 

Samas-bdni{?) 

Awel-Sin 

Ad 

Kh^ 

1463 

81 

LVI  I 

[ 1 

Marduk-mu[.  . .] 

Ad 

Kh^ 

1722 

82 

LVI  I 

[ana  bUiia]{?) 

Ad 

K¥ 

1436 

83 

LVI  1 1 

[ana  bUiia\{?) 

— 

Ad 

Kh^ 

1227 

84 

LIX 

[ana  beliia\{?) 

Ad 

Kh^ 

1282 

85 

LIX 

— 

Ad 

Kh^ 

1453 

86 

LX 

[ ] 

[ 1 

Ad 

Kh^ 

1225 

87 

88 

LX  I 

[ 1 

[ 1 

Ad 

1690 

409, 

LX  I 

[ana  beliia]{?) 

Ad 

K¥ 

t89 

LXII 

ana  bUini 

j lbni-[Sin]  u daidnu 
\Sippar-Amnanum  J 

j>  *As 

Kh^ 

1710 

t90 

LXIII 

ana  awelim 

Sin-nddin-ahhi 

*As 

Kh‘^ 

1246 

91 

LXIV 

H ( ( 

Sin-nddin-sumi 

*As 

Kh^ 

1602 

92 

LXIV 

( < (( 

1 1 

As 

Kh^ 

422 

93 

LXV 

< ( ( ( 

Ibni-Samas 

As 

Kh^ 

584 

t94 

LXVI 

it  if 

Etel-pi-N  abium 

As 

Kh^ 

1332 

95 

LXVII 

tt  tt 

S n-idinnam 

As 

Kh^ 

380 

96 

LXVIII 

tt  if 

1 1 

As 

Kh^ 

1725 

97 

LXVIII 

Sab  turn 

1 1 

As 

K¥ 

387 

98 

LXIX 

ana  awUim 

Marduk-ldmassasu 

As 

Kh^ 

1347 

99 

LXX 

tt  tt 

Iskur-manse 

As 

Kh^ 

1383 

100 

LXXI 

tt  tt 

Ilusu-bdni 

As 

Kh^ 

1357 

ARTHUR  UNGNAD — BABYLONIAN  LETTERS  OF  THE  HAMMURAPI  PERIOD 


49 


Text 

Plate 

Addressed  to 

Sent  by 

lOI 

LXXII 

ana  awelim 

Iddatum 

tl02 

LXXIII 

ana  helini 

Ibni-Sin  u dajdnu 

103 

LXXIV 

ana  heliia 

Ibku-Anuntium 

104 

LXXV 

it  (< 

Utatum 

105 

LXXVI 

ana  abiia 

Ldmassdni 

106 

LXXVII 

[“  “ ] 

1 “ ] 

107 

LXXVIII 

ti  4( 

[ ] 

io8| 

LXXIX 

LXXX 

{(  (( 

Sumum-libsi 

109 

LXXXI 

i<  ( ( 

Ibni-Sin 

1 10 

LXXXII 

ana  ahdtiia 

Elmesum 

1 1 1 

LXXXIII 

[ana  awelim\{?) 

T ar\b-Sin{?) 

1 12 

LXXXIII 

Ibni-Adad  H Ibni-Marduk 

Apil-ilisu 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 
21 
22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

32 

33 


LXXXIV 

LXXXIV 

LXXXV 

LXXXV 

LXXXVI 

LXXXVI 

LXXXVII 

LXXXVIII 

LXXXVIII 

LXXXVIII 

LXXXIX 

LXXXIX 

XC 

XCI 

XCI 

XCII 

XCII 

XCIII 

XCIV 

XCIV 

XCV,  XCVI 


[ ] 

[ n.... 

[ ] 

[ ] 

[ana  abiia]{?) 
[ana  heliia\{?) 


[ana  heliia\{?) 

[ J 

[ana  hUtiia\{?) 

[ ] 

[ana  heltiia\{?) 

[ana  hUiia]{?) 

[ana  heliia]{?) 

Ardi-Gula 
Building  inscription  of  Ijammurapi 


sarrum 


Time  Collection 

C.  B.  S. 

As 

Kh^ 

1348 

As 

Kh^ 

1682 

As 

Kh^ 

1709 

As 

Kh^ 

>433 

As 

Kh^ 

1358 

As 

Kh^ 

1364 

As 

Kh^ 

1578 

As 

1 264 

As 

Kh^ 

4363 

As 

Kh^ 

1587 

As 

Kh^ 

1 146 

As 

Kh^ 

1342 

As 

Kh^ 

1675 

As 

Kh^ 

■447 

As 

Kh‘^ 

1676 

As 

Kh^ 

1648 

As 

Kh^ 

1619 

As 

Kh^ 

1721 

As 

Kh^ 

576 

As 

Kh-^ 

1281 

As 

Kh^ 

1466 

As 

Kh^ 

1454 

As 

Kk^ 

1458 

As 

Kh^ 

1226 

As 

Kh^ 

1713 

As 

Kh^ 

1683 

As 

Kh^ 

513 

As 

Kh^ 

427 

As 

Kh^ 

1430  « 

As 

Kh^ 

1540 

As 

Kh^ 

1637 

Ab 

Kh^ 

1471 

H 

J.S 

I I 

50 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


NUMBERS  OF  THE  CATALOGUE 


C.  B.  S. 

Text 

C.  B.  S. 

Text 

C.  B.  S. 

I I 

*33 

I 146 

I I I 

*379 

87 

37 

I 189 

56 

1383 

09 

73 

**95 

36 

1387 

169 

54 

1225 

86 

1390 

172 

70 

1226 

124 

1430 

351 

58 

1227 

83 

*433 

361 

75" 

1246 

90 

1436 

380 

95 

*247 

78 

*447 

387 

97 

*249 

66 

*453 

396 

5* 

1264 

108 

*454 

409 

88 

1280 

43 

1458 

4*7 

48 

1281 

120 

1463 

422 

92 

1282 

84 

1466 

423 

53 

*3*9 

67 

*47* 

425 

63 

1326 

49 

1492 

427 

128 

1328 

68 

*495 

463 

34 

*332 

94 

*540 

477 

69 

*334 

32 

*555 

5*3 

127 

*342 

1 12 

*573 

542 

44 

*347 

98 

1578 

576 

1 19 

1348 

lOI 

1587 

584 

93 

*357 

100 

1602 

662 

35 

1358 

*05 

1604 

718 

30 

1364 

106 

1614 

720 

39 

1366 

33 

1619 

1 142 

57 

*37* 

55 

1637 

**44 

61 

*377 

45 

1648 

Text 

C.  B.  S. 

Text 

C.  B S. 

Text 

76 

1659 

62 

4703 

9 

99 

1675 

**3 

4704 

1 1 

3* 

1676 

**5 

4705 

20 

42 

1682 

102 

4706 

2 

129 

1683 

126 

4707 

*4 

104 

1690 

87 

4708 

10 

82 

1706 

59 

4709 

3 

114 

*709 

103 

47*0 

4 

85 

1710 

89 

47** 

I 

122 

*7*3 

*25 

47*2 

16 

*23 

1721 

118 

47*3 

*7 

80 

1722 

81 

47*4 

8 

121 

*725 

96 

47*5 

22 

*32 

*795 

40 

4716 

7 

38 

1805 

46 

47*7 

6 

74 

1807 

60 

4718 

29 

130 

1808 

47 

47*9 

25 

52 

1809 

4* 

4720 

24 

77 

3375 

12 

472* 

23 

107 

3780 

*5 

4722 

21 

1 10 

3977 

18 

4723 

*9 

9* 

4363 

109 

4724 

26 

79 

4427 

50 

4725 

*3 

72 

4429 

64 

4726 

5 

**7 

4457 

65 

4727 

28 

*3* 

1 16 

4475 

7* 

12527 

27 

AUTOGRAPH  PLATES 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


PLATE  I 


1 

CASE 


10 


tr~ 


Reverse  Uninscribed 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


PLATE  II 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


PLATE 


5 


10 


R. 


(20) 


(25) 


U.  E. 

(30) 


^ ^ m 

T ^ 


TJ^ 

'M  ^ Mr  P 

^ ir*  ^ ^h4 
^ i£s^  M:f 

jf  ^ ■ ■ 

Tf^  ^ ^ 


rffltT 

<rr  ^ 4tF 
l^r  ^ ^ 

'?PT  /''' 

^Kt 

t-MT 


f 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII  PLATE  IV 


in 


Reverse  Uninscribed  Reverse  Uninscribeo 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


PLATE  V 


10 


ffKt  ^ ^ TF 

Ef^  <t 


Lo.  E. 


R. 


20 


<1  ^ ^ 

[f^ 


fft^  U ^''^C'^ 

^ rr  ^ 

< gr  w »^,rE 


25 


H 


4 FF<  prr  ^ »t?=-r 


Rest  Uninscribed 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNiV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


d 


lO 


4 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


PLATE  VII 


10 


"4f> 


10 


15 


R. 


20 


■C>> 

'-^4.  wr 


f U:T 

^ ^ ^ 
^ ^ ^ pg'  0rf  ^ 

^ ^ Jig 

m 


m If  ^ rr^  IT 

n m ^ 4IF 
rr  ^ p^  m 

UP! 


n 


^ ^.:| 


Jt  TT  J:^  ^r  ^ 

. /’■'  . ^ J^yr^  ^-^yy  y 

U"  '■  '>  '''  '""  '*~y"  ' 


>1/ 

/ 


Rest  Destroyed 


BABYL,  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


PLATE  VIII 


11 


10 


15 
Lo.  E. 

R. 


20 


sfp^T 

rf  ^ ^ rf^ 

^ ^ ^ n^T-y— 
ff  Kt  W ff  If 
^ ^''%n  im 

mJ— <^ 


4; 


<1 


^ Tf  ^ 

ff  sr  'W  ^ ^ 

r Tf  ^^poif  ^ 

^ ^t=f 


y'y  y y ^ 


Jy-  'y  ■"'"' 

't;  V 


^ ^r  ^ ^ 

Tf^r  17^  4^ 


^ R<  ^ 

m 


^r 


RE8T  . Uninscribeo 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


PLATE  IX 


13 


10 


Lo.  E. 


R. 


20 


25 


L.  E. 


r^^^^ 


Lo.  E. 


R. 


10 


^4^  mm 


m-m  r;rmmm 


» 


^ ^mr  44 

-r  ^ ^ 


o 

4y' 


mf 

Ir—^ • 


12 


Tf  M ^ 

45f  m 

ff 


rr  ^ 


T 


A 


Probably  Erasure 


■*< 


i 


4 

.’5 

'1 

.1 


I 

M 


( 

I 


e 

% 
« 
' < 

y 

ja 

i 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


PLATE [X 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL,  VII 


PLATE  X 


15 


10 


Lo.  E. 


20 


25 


r ^ 

rpKt  tsT  Tf ^ 
^ ' rr 

^>4'  ^0l[  hS:^J 

4T  ,.4pr 

^h-T  Ei!  ^ TfT'jf 

^ h4r  4 

WT  gf  "44=^4*  ;j 

1^  ^iST^'F 


U.  E. 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


PLATE  XI 


16 


0. 


10 


t^r<sr4!tF  /L 


Written  Over  Erasure 


20 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


PLATE  XIII 


17 


o. 


-\ 


10 


R. 


20 


25 


if  7f  ^ 

r ^ si«w 


mr  m w n 

*W  if  4^ 

ff  /-f  ^ 

If  ^ ^ 

If  M-y  t 

rr  4t7:F  ^ 

^ ^ PF- ., 

<f^  >7  iifcf 

jfp^  |l  ^ if  gf 

jff  Ff  ^ ^ 

rp":f  ^ gf  ►ffjff  ‘fJ  ^ 

^7-g'  IT  ir^-  ^ ^r 

4Tfr  10. f ^ fF 


H 


O.  E. 


(30) 


>Szf4^ 


r-A 


gf  rf  &w 

^^^>■^01::  .TArrHT  cf 
M ig  4fF  ■": 


« 


U E. 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


PLATE  XIV 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


PLATE  XV 


20 


21 


10 
Lo.  £. 

R. 


15 


20 


ST 

rf  ^ 

ff  ^ 

® ff 


pff 

^ pf 

ff  ^ <p 

M ^ 

p:^  ^ ff  ^!^rfj 

^ ^r 

I V'^/^ " ^ 


10 


15 


R. 


Y ^ 
lY 

Pr 

rfPr^.rm 

m M 

|f  ^ 

1^  P;5f  ^ 

jf  ^4^  > ^4 : 


20 


^ px  fctPf 

^ ^ pf~  1^  1^ 
• ff^  ^ ^ 


P'  p 

_PTf  ^►f- 


Rest  Umnscribeo 


U,  E. 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII  PLATE  XVI 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII  PLATE  XVI 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


PLATE  XV 


O 


5 


10 


Lo.  E. 


R. 


15 


26 


20 


I 


1 


J 


\ 

\ 

i 

■y 

f; 


i 


.HP  I 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


PLATE  XIX 


27 


o. 


10 


15 


LO.  E. 


Tf 

mn  ^ ^ 

p — TT 

K<  ^ 

^ ^ff 

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BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


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BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


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BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


PLATE  XXII 


32 


10 


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R. 


15 


20 


25 


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BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


in 

tn 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


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5 


R. 

(15) 


(20) 


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BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


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38 


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BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL,  VII 


PLATE  XXVIII 


40 


20 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


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BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


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20 


25 

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46 

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BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


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BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


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BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


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BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII  PLATE  LXIV 


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BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


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BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


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BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


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BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


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CONT|^UED 


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BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


PLATE  XCVII 


RIGHT  EDGE 


LEFT  EDGE 


SEALED  ENVELOPE 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


PLATE  XCVIII 


46 


OBVERSE  ENVELOPE  - REVERSE 

LETTER  TO  LUSTAMAR 


51 


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BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


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COPY  OF  A LETTER  TO  THE  KING 
90 


OBVERSE 


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LETTER  TO  THE  AWELUM 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


PLATE  Cl 


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BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII 


PLATE  CM 


102 


OBVERSE  REVERSE 


OFFICIAL  REPORT 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VII  ' PLATE  Clll 

133 


INSCRIPTION  OF  HAMMURAPI 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  VI 


PLATE  CIV 


133 


INSCRIPTION  OF  HAMMURAPI 


